Jain Journal 2004 04

Author(s): Jain Bhawan Publication
Publisher: Jain Bhawan Publication

Page 11

212
JAIN JOURNAL: VOL-XXXVIII, NO. 4 APRIL. 2004
v) sāmāyika : (daily) religious observances (as prescribed in the doctrines (samaya):
vi) prosadhopavāsa: observing fast on 8th and 14th day of each fortnight and on full moon and new-moon days;
vii) atithi-samvibhāga : sharing one's food with unscheduled guests i.e. the monks and the nuns on begging tour; and also offering food, medicine, protection and sacred books to the needy.
These seven with the five aņuvratas constitute the twelve-fold (dvādaśavidha) religious conduct of the householders.
The observance of the vratas may be impaired in a number of ays. Five broad spectra have been mentioned in respect of each of the twelve vratas. These are called aticaras (transgressions). The vow of (1) abstention from killing is transgressed by (i)bandha, confinement; (ii) vadha, torture; (iii) chaviccheda, disfiguring (such as a bull by branding and an elephant by cutting the tusks); (iv) atibhāra, overloading (an animal used in transportation of goods), and, bhakta-pāna-vyavaccheda, cutting off or reducing food and drink. The vow of (2) abstention from falsehood is transgressed by (i) sahasābhyākhyākhyāna, false accusation in haste (without proper consideration); (ii) raho'bhyākhyāna, false accusation in secreto; (iii) svadāramantra-bheda, betraying the confidence of one's wife; (iv) mrsopadeśa, spreading rumour; (v) kūța-lekha-karaṇa, tampering with a document or forging a document. The vow of (3) abstention from theft is transgressed by (i) stenährta, profitting from stolen property (by buying and selling it); (ii) taskara-prayoga, using thieves (for some strategic purpose) (iii) viruddha-rājyātikrama, infiltration into a hostile country (not permitting entry); (iv) kūțatulā-kūtamāna, using false balance and measures (to overweigh or underweigh in one's interest); (v) tatpratirupaka-vyavahāra, dealing in counterfeit or adulterated goods. The vow of (4) limiting conjugal activity to one's legal wife is transgressed by (i) itvarika-parigrhītāgamana, intercourse with an ad hoc wife, procured during foreign travel or sojourn; (ii) aparigrhītā-gamana, intercourse with an unwedded yet lawful bedcompanion of whoever hires i.e. a sāmānyā or a vesyā; (iii) ananga-krdā, extra-marital flirtation sans sex; (iv) para-vivāha-karana, match-making; (v) kāma-bhoga-tīvrābhilāşa, insatiable desire for sensual pleasures. The vow of acquiring property within conscientiously determined limits is transgressed by extending the