Jain Journal 1984 07

Author(s): Jain Bhawan Publication
Publisher: Jain Bhawan Publication

Page 27

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JAIN JOURNAL
minority of Acaryas21 and an internal and external mass of common monks and laities.22 The minority, having lost the power to influence and attract, seeks instead to impose itself by force of religious injunction, etc. The mass, common monks and laities, inwardly alienated, remains in, but not of, the disintegrating monastic order until the disintegration has gone so far that the dominant minority of Acaryas can no longer repress the efforts of the mass common monks and laities to secede. In the act of secession, at length accomplished, a new monastic order is conceived. 23 This, in brief, seems to be the mode of emergence of the ‘related' Jaina school.24 We can only suppose that the 'unrelated' Jaina schools 25 emerged through mutation of the Jaina communities of monks previously belonging to the sister Samghas.
The Nature of the Genesis of Principal Schools of the Svetambaras and the Digambaras in the Acarya periods :
In setting out to inquire how different principal related and unrelated schools or sects of the Svetambaras and the Digambaras have emerged in the Acarya periods and subsequently up to the present day we have the choice of starting either with the mutation of early Jaina sects or communities into 'unrelated' schools or with the emergence of 'related' schools through secessions of some groups of monks from pre-existent Samghas. The second of these modes of emergence26 has actually occurred more frequently than the former already, and we have reason to believe that the future belongs to it. On the other hand, the mutational modes might be expected, on the face of it, to evolve a greater and therefore, more conspicuous change so that, if we examine this mode first, we may hope to find less difficulty from this angle of approach in obtain
31 Lonka Gaccha was born in this way, the same is the case with other Jaina schools
to-day. 22 To-day the Jaina laities are asserting themselves and building upasrayas for the
monks and nuns, they organise the whole religious functions. 28 e.g. Lonka Gaccha was conceived in this way and Sthanakavasin and Tera
panthin sects were born in this mode. 24 Similarly all the Sakhas of Balatkara Gana emerged one after another from
related schools. 25 e.g. Dravid Samgha, Yapaniya Samgha and Kurcaka Samgha emerged through
mutation of the Jaina communities of monks previously belonging to the sister
Samghas. 26 e.g. the emergence of related Jaina schools from Nirgrantha to Tapa Gaccha
and Tapa Gaccha to Terapanthins took place through secessions of some groups of monks. Similarly, there emerged some Jaina schools from Mula Sangha, some from Balatkara Samgha and some from Kastha Samgha through secessions from the related Jaina samghas and unrelated Jaina samghas. Dravida Samgha, etc., emerged with the mutation of some early Jaina sects.