Jain Journal 1973 07

Author(s): Jain Bhawan Publication
Publisher: Jain Bhawan Publication

Page 28

JULY, 1973
23
man and woman were equal partners of all natural stuff. But in the Age of the Kulakaras the gentler shepherd pushed forward to the first place in the family, presuming upon his wealth and asserted his supremacy as the division of labour in the family had regulated the distribution of property between man and his wife with the division of labour outside the family and inside the family, i.e., "the woman's house work lost its significance compared with the man's work in obtaining a livelihood ; the latter was everything ; the former an insignificant contribution."
The study of the socio-economic conditions of the Age of Kulakaras reveals a similar picture of the origin of family, position of woman and man, division of labour, possession of new wealth, etc.
The attainment of actual supremacy of man in the house removed the last barrier to his autocracy as it will be seen in the paper 'Civilization'. “This autocarcy was confirmed and perpetuated by the overthrow of mother right, the introduction of father right and the gradual transition from the pairing family to monogamy. This made a breach in the old gentile order ; the monogamous family became a power and rose threatening against the gens.”9
At the upper stage of Kulakarism which was the period of the iron sword, the iron plough-share and axe iron was most important of all raw materials, as it played a revolutionary role in the history of mankind. It "made possible field agriculture on a large scale and the clearing of extensive forest tracts for cultivation ; it gave the craftsman a tool of such hardness and sharpness that no stone, no other known metal, could withstand it” 10
The second division of labour took place at the upper stage of Kulakarism, when handicrafts separated from agriculture.11 "The continued production and with it the increased productivity of labour enhanced the value of human labour power."12
8
Ibid., p. 158.
. Ibid., p. 159.
10
Ibid.
11 Avasyakacurni, Pt. I, p. 156.
12
The Origin of the Family, etc. p. 159,