Jain Journal 1973 07

Author(s): Jain Bhawan Publication
Publisher: Jain Bhawan Publication

Page 33

28
consequently gave rise to chaos and anarchy which resulted in the violation of the peaceful social order as laid down by the Kulakaras.
JAIN JOURNAL
There was no organized state nor sovereign ruler nor physical punishment nor authority to punish the guilty prior to the time of Rsabha, for the social order worked smoothly according to the simple, natural laws as laid down by the Kulakaras in the past. That is to say, there was in the Age of the infancy of the human race and Kulakarism a primitive communistic social order free from exploitation and bondage, social, economic and political. Men were born free, lived free and died free. The cancer of Indian caste system, social, economic and political bondage and class interest, which has sapped the vital force of the Indian people, was non-existent in the social body of that Age.
The free tribal organization broke down with the course of social evolution and never developed again; the confederacy of the tribal people already indicated the beginning of its downfall. The Kulakara constitution presupposed an extremely undeveloped form of production, i.e., extremely sparse population spread over a wide territory and therefore, the almost complete domination of man by external nature incomprehesible to him. A similar picture is depicted by F. Engels about the gentile social organization of the Iroquois about its downfall and the rise of a new society, during all the 2500 years of whose existence there had been "the development of the small minority at the expense of the exploited and oppressed great majority."23
The gentile organization "was doomed to extinction. It never developed beyond the tribe; the confederacy of tribes already signified the commencement of its downfall, as the attempts of the Iroquois to subjugate others have shown... The gentile constitution in full bloom, as we have seen it in America, presupposed an extremely undeveloped form of production, that is, an extremely sparse population spread over a wide territory, and therefore the almost complete domination of man by external nature, alien, opposed, incomprehensible to him, a domination reflected in his childish religious ideas. The tribe remained boundary for man, in relation to himself as well as to outsiders the tribe, the gens and their institutions were sacred and inviolable, a superior power, instituted by nature, to which the individual remained absolutely subject in feeling, thought and deed. Impressive as the people of this epoch may appear to us, they differ in no way one from another, they are still bound, as Marx says, to the umbilical cord of the primordial community. The
28 Ibid., p. 98.