Indian Antiquary Vol 52

Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Stephen Meredyth Edwardes, Krishnaswami Aiyangar
Publisher: Swati Publications

Page 508

LAN
146
PAN
Indus. It was conquered by Darius Hystaspes (Rawlinson's Five Great Monarchies, Vol. IV, p. 433). The Greek kings who reigned over the Panjab were Menander, Apollodotus, Zoilus, Dionysius, Stration, Hippostratus, Diomides, Nicias, Telephos. Herra sus. They did not reign in succession, but some of them reigned in one province contemporaneously with others in othor provincus. These Greek kings reigned from the beginning of the second century B.c. to 78 A.D. when they were conquered by the Sakas. The Saka kings who reigned in the Panjab were (1) Vononoes, (2) Spalirises, brothor of (1), (3) Azas I; (4) Azilises, (5) Azas II, (6) Maues or Moga. According to Dr. R. G. Bhandarkar and Prof. D. R. Bhandarkar, Vonones was the found. er of the Saka era and not Kanishka, as stated by Professor Oldenburg. These IndoScythian kings reigned from 78 A.D. to 156 A.D. During the reign of Maues, the Panjab was conquered by Gondophares, the first king of the Indo-Parthian dynasty. The Scy. thian kings governed the Panjab through their governors, while their seat of govern ment was at Sistan (See Sakadvipa). The capital of the successors of Gondophares ac. oording to some authorities was at Balkh. The Indo-Parthian or Pahlava kings who reigned in the Panjab were (1) Gondophares, (2) Abdagages, nephew of (1), (3) Orthagnes, (4) Arsakes, (5) Pakores; (6) Sanabaros. The Pahlava kingdom was overthrown by the Kushan king, Kujula-Kadphises in 198 A.D. The country east of Kirman was named Kushan throughout the Sassanian period RA8., XV, p. 233). These Kushan kings reigned from 198 to 376 A.D. Their kingdom was subverted by the Gupta kings. The Guptas were con quered by the Hunks (Dr. R. G. Bhandarkar's Peep into the Early History of India and Prof. D. R. Bhandarkar's Kushan Stone-inscription and the Question about the Origin of the Saka Era in the Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. XX, Part Ivi, p. 356 f; JASB., 1908, p. 81). 2. A place of pil. grimage in Kurukshetra (Mbh., Vana, oh 83, v. 16). 3. The five rivers of Japyasvara (q.v.) are collectively called Panchanada : they are Jatodaka, Trišrota, Vrishdvani, Svarnodaka and Jam bunadi (Linga P., I, 43). 4. The oonfluence of five rivers in the Doccan called Dakshina Panchanada, they are the Krishna, Venä, Tuuga, Bhadra, Kon&
(Vishnu Samhita, ch. 85 ; SBE., Vol. VII, p. 259 noto). Panchanana - The river Pañchâna which flows by the side of Rajgir in the districts of Patna
and Gaya, it is either tho old bed of the Sune which according to the Ramayana flowed by thu oastery side of Girivraja or Rajagsika (Mbh., Adi, ch. 32) or the ancient Sappini
Bee Giriyek). Panchapadi-The river Panjah, a iributary of the Oxus, which rises in the Hindu Kush
(Bhaganata P., V, ch. 20). Pancha-Prayaga-(i) Dovaprayaga at the confluence of the Bhagirathi and the
Alakananda ; (2) Karna-prayaga at the confluence of the Alakânanda and tha Pindar river called also Karna-Gange. Karna is said to have performed austerities near this confluence. (3) Rudraprayaga at the confluence of the Alakananda and the Mandakini; (4) Nandaprayaga at the confluence of the Alakan anda and the Nanda or Nandakini, a small river,, (5) Bish: uprayaga near Joshina tha or Joshimatha at the confluence of the Alakânanda and the Vishnu-Ganga. The union of these streams form the river Ganges, which in its upper portion is called the Alakananda. The Jahnavi is a tributary of the Bhagirathi (see the Map in Hodgson's Physical Geography of the Hima.
laya in JASB., XVIII, faoing p. 762). Pařohápsara-Tirtha--- In the district of Udayapur, one of the tributary states in the
Chhota-Nagpur division. Kapu, Bandhanpur, Banjian ba and Ponri are supposed to be on the site of the Pafchapsara lake of the Ramayana (List of Ancient Monuments in the