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Jain Theism
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With this much introduction, at this point, I would like to say something about the terms Theism and Atheism, in Western and Indian Philosophy and the status of God in Theism. Theism and Atheism :
Though it is not the aim of this paper to discuss and examine critically the term Theism and Atheism, it is essential that the general view about the meaning of these terms is noted in an utmost brevity. The term “Theism” has many meanings, each one in detail could be obtained in any good encyclopaedia. But the term “Theism” in its widest sense and liberal meaning means “belief in God”. Atheism, on the other side means a system of belief which denies the existence of God. It is very necessary to note that the scholars and historians have observed that the term “Atheism” and “Atheist” have been used “in the most haphazard manner to describe even the most trivial divergence of opinion”. In support to this observation we find Socrates who was charged with "not believing in the gods the city believes in;" we hear the cry in the Roman empire against Christians as: "Away with the Atheists" for the lack of idolatry in all Christian worship. In Indian Philosophy we find Jainism and Buddhism termed as atheist mainly for not accepting Vedicauthorities. But then “Atheism" in its apparent sense means, "rejection of belief in God.” Atheism, "in its most scientific and serious usage is applied to the state of mind which does not finds deity (either one or many) in or above the physical universe."
Theism, as we have seen, basically means belief in God, and where God is believed. It is also believed that upon God everything else depends, and thus the discussion of origin of universe, nature of soul etc. becomes justified alongwith the discussion of God. Theism has been in the light of this broad consideration, approached differently by different thinkers and scholars. The concept of God in its traditional, religious or theological sense does not differ much between Indian and the Western concept. Even the worship or the role of God as accepted and practised by the devotees in their theistic way has a great deal of resemblance. Moreover, in view of the religious life, its asceticism, sacrifice, worship etc. though treated
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