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Essence of Jainismi
meaning of each of the words, and these are very much interesting. 1 • Pratikramaņa means returning; i.e., going to another state from one and coming back.
The five types of Pratikramaņa are-(i) Daivasika, (ii) Rātrika, (iii) Pākşika, (iv) Cāturmasika and (v) Samvatsarika. These are ancient and approved by the Scriptures; they are referred to even by Bhadrabāhuswami.a From the point of view of time, it is three fold as-(i) Analysis of faults of the past; (ii) Saving ones self from the faults of the present-Samvara; (iii) Prevention of faults of the future. 3
Those qualified persons who instend, gradually to scale higher and higher heights of the purity of Ātmā should also know as to whose Pratikramaņa is to be resorted to. These are four : (i) Falsehood; (ii) Non-abstention; (iii) Passions and (iv) Unworthy Yoga. What is meant is that one should discard falsehood and acquira truthfulness, one should give up non-abstention and adopt abstention; give up Kaşāyas-passions and acquire virtues like forgivance; give up the activity of the mind, speech and body that inflate mundane existence and attain to the real nature of the self.
Normally, Pratikramaņa consists of two types Dravya and Bhāva. Only Bhāva-Pratikramana is worth attaining to and not the other one. The Dravya-pratikramaņa is just for show. If onediscards all faults and then again resorts to them, it is Dravya. pratikramana. In this, instead of purity the Ātmā attains to impu-- dence and there is a greater nourishment of faults. For this, the famous example is that of an insignificant Sadhu who repeatedly: breaks the earthern utensils of the potter and then begs pardon.
1. As above, Gā. 1242. 2. As above, Gā. 1247. 3. Āvasyakavștti, p, 551,
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