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Essence of Jainism
(2) Caturviņšatistava
The personalities that are endowed with all conceivable qualities and are therefore of the nature of ideal are the twentyfour Tirthankaras who deserve all veneration. It is of two types ---(i) Dravyasubstance and (ii) Bbāva-being. The former is worship of the Tirthankaras by pure things like flowers etc., and singing of their genuine virtues is Bhāva, 1 The benefits of Dravyastave for a duly qualified householder are described in the Avašyaka Niryukti (pp. 492-493).
(3) Vandaba
The activity by mind, speech and body to express great regard for those wbo deserve to be worshipped is Vandana, Its synonyms in the Scriptures are-Citikarma, kệtikarma, pājākarma etc. 9 We should know these things in order to know the form and nature of Vandana. What are the qualifications of those who deserve to be venerated ? Who do not deserve to be honoured ? What are the types of the deserving ? What will be the fault if we honour the undeserving ? What are the faults to be dispensed with at the time of veneration ? etc., etc.
The munis who command the twofold conduct that is constituted of substance and Bhäva-being deserve to be saluted.8 Munis qualified to be saluted are five : (1) Ācārya, (2) Upadhyāya (3) Pravartaka, (4) Sthavira and (5) Ratnādhika. 4 The last is one who is endowed with the virtues like right perspective etc., more tban ones own person not deserving to be saluted are those who are not endowed either with signs pertaining to Dravya-Dravyalinga or signs partaining to Bhāva-Bhāvalinga. With regard to the persons deserving our salutation and not deserving the same, the Catur. bhangi- fourfold non acceptance of the silico-coin is krown.
1. Āvašyakavịtti, p. 492. 2. Āvasyakaniryukti, Gātha 1103. 3. Avasyakaniryukti, Gä. 1006. 4. As above, Ga. 1195.
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