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Nayavāda
175
The threefold mental leaning narrated above shows that it ponders over an object without resorting to the word or its typical traits. But there are other inclinations that think of the meaning of a word only on the reliance on the virtues and traits of the word. That is precisely the reason why pondering over the meaning that results from such mental leaning is known as “Šabdanaya'. Only the grammarians, the master scientists of word are authorised in * Sabdunaya'. This is because Sabdanaya gets variegated due to their different points of view.
Those grammarians, who look upon words as complete in themselves and therefore non-evolved, do not accept difference in meaning due to difference in etymology. They still accept the varit ty in meanings on the basis of different traits of word such as gender, person, time etc. This visioning of the difference in nieanings on their part in this manner, is 'Sabda Naya' er. Säm. prata Naya'. Again, the grammarians, who consider the meanings with a mental inclination that looks upon every word as established by etymology and that only, look upon even the synonymous words and their meanings as different in view of difference in etymology. The difference in meanings of the synonymous words such as "Sakra', 'Indra' that they have viewed is known as 'Samabhi. rūdha Naya'. The outlook that accepts difference in meaning because of presence or absence of the difference in meaning that results from, not only difference in etymology, but the same etymology, is known as “ Evambhūta Naya'. There is one seventh Naya, Naigama by name, in addition to these six logical Nayas. All differentiating and non-differentiating types of thoughts according to Nigama, i.e., conventions of the country, are included here. However, thoughts of various kinds, proceeding with some part or another or one or the otber point of view, are just Nayas that suggest those different expectations.
Dravyártbika and Paryāyārthika Naya
Two Nayas, Draryarthika and Paryāyarthika, are renowned in the Scriptures. They are not different from the seven Nayas mentioned above; they are just a brief classification or a basis of
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