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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra
www.kobatirth.org
Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir
INTRODUCTION
xix
as there are four defences against "Libel” in modern times, viz., Truth, Fair comment, Privilege, and Apology, so in ancient times there were two defences against “Slander" viz., Truth and Apology. If after the utterance of Slander, the person apologised to the aggrieved party that he had done so, out of ignorance or under sudden provocation, and would not repeat his conduct in future, then he was pardoned by the king to some extent and half the punishment was meted out to him.
On Miscellaneous Topics The Chapter deals with the following subjects, viz. :#16#, gæfi, faareup, and qaertfart!
साहस (Rash Act) #15# is of five kinds, and includes homicide, theft, molesting others' wives, rudeness of speech, and assault. All these acts are called e#, because they are done with pride of power (FER). Thus aggression is the necessary element of all kinds of FIFAS. The five classes of high acts are nothing but the subject-matter of the five foregoing Chapters of the Dandaviveka. So the present delineation is nothing but recapitulation of the old matter. Suicide and misappropriation of the property of helpless persons are also High acts. He who commits suicide shall be besmeared with filthy things. If he survives, then he, having made an attempt to commit suicide, should be punished with two hundred copper coins. He who misappropriates the property of childless widows, bereft of any kinsmen whatsoever, shall be treated as a thief and punished accordingly.
faangus (Cause of Action) The causes for the institution of civil suits and criminal proceedings are called “ facteut". They are eighteen in number, viz:
(1) non-payment of debts, (2) deposit and pledge, (3) sale without ownership,
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