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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra
property, and set apart the residue for the real owner. If stray cattle are found in the forest, the king should order them to be penned and make them over to the real owners. If this is allowed to continue, the king should confiscate the stray cattle. He who swims across a river where ferry-system exists, is to be fined a hundred copper coins. The principle underlying the punishment is to be sought for in the consequent diminution of the revenue.
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Exemption from Taxation
No tax will be levied from the following persons, viz. :a king, a Šrotriya, an orphan, a wanderer, a child, an old man, a woman in lying-in-room, a maiden, and a widow.
(1) Offences against the State,
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
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The Indian Penal Code and the Dandaviveka
The Indian Penal Code is the substantive portion of the codified criminal law of British India. It contains twentyfive Chapters, of which five are introductory and relate to punishments, general exceptions, abatement, etc., and the remaining twenty are concerned with specific offences and their punishments. The Dandaviveka, on the other hand, contains seven Chapters only, of which the first is introductory, and the other six relate to six specified classes of offences with their punishments. The classification of offences in the Dandaviveka is neither so exhaustive nor so scientific as that in the Indian Penal Code. The following offences are not treated at all in the Dandaviveka, viz. :
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INTRODUCTION
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Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir
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xxiii
relating to the Army and Navy, against Public Tranquillity,
relating to Public Servants,
against Public Justice,
relating to Coins and Government Stamps, affecting the Public Health.
Some sort of fragmentary mention of Sedition and False Evidence has only been made in the Chapter on Miscellane. ous Topics. The three Chapters on homicide, rape, and severity of punishment relate to topics which are parts of the Chapter XVI of the I.P.C. (i.e., of offences affecting the
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