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138 :: Aspects of Jaina Religion
(9) Religious Concepts
In Jainism there are various concepts like dharma, adharma, leśyā, gunasthāna, etc., which are not found in Hindu spiritual ideology. (10) Principles in Logic
In the systems of Jaina logic there are distinctive principles like Syādvāda, Nayavāda, Niksepa, etc., which are not found in the Hindu system.
(11) The Liberated Soul
According to Hinduism, the liberated soul enjoys eternal happiness in heaven or gets merged with Brahman, i.e., the Primeval Being, the originator of the world. But as per Jainism, the soul after liberation remains for ever at the top of the loka, i.e., universe.
(12) Religious Objects
The Jaina deities, temples, places of pilgrimage, holy days, fasts, festivals, rituals and ceremonies are quite different from those of the Hindus. (13) Religious Practices
The peculiar Hindu practices like niyoga, i.e., levirate and sati, i.e., ascending the funeral pyre of the husband, are not approved by the Jainas. Further, a large number of Hindu religious practices, which are repugnant to Jainism, have been termed as müdhatās or stupid customs and beliefs and the true Jainas are required to be absolutely free from them. They are sun-worship, bath during eclipses, giving away money at the end of eclipses, fire-worship, the worship of edifices, ceremonial bathing in rivers and the ocean, adoration of trees, sacred offerings of boiled rice, religious suicide by falling from a precipice, bowing at the tail of a cow and taking cow's urine, etc.
From the facts mentioned above, it is evident that there are several items of religion on which there are basic differences
