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## Chapter 20:
**Samyama Margna**
**Samyama** refers to the practice of restraint. There are different types of Samyama:
* **Sookshma Samparaya Samyama:** This is the restraint practiced by a Sadhu who has attained the tenth Gunasthan, where only a subtle trace of greed remains.
* **Yathakyat Samyama:** This is the restraint characterized by the complete absence of Kshayas (negative emotions), leading to a state of Vitaraga (freedom from attachment).
* **Desha Samyama:** This refers to the observance of vows by a Shravak (lay follower).
* **Asamyama:** This refers to the absence of any restraint. The first four Gunasthanas are characterized by Asamyama.
Desha Samyama is practiced in the fifth Gunasthan. Samayik and Chhedopasthapana Samyama are practiced from the sixth to the ninth Gunasthan. Sookshma Samparaya Samyama is practiced in the tenth Gunasthan. Yathakyat Samyama is practiced from the eleventh to the fourteenth Gunasthan.
The process of investigating the nature of Jivas (souls) through Samyama is called **Samyama Margna**.
**Darshan Margna**
**Darshan** refers to the perception of reality. It involves perceiving the general aspect of an object without focusing on its specific details. Alternatively, it can be defined as the self-awareness that arises when the soul strives to understand an object. There are four types of Darshan:
* **Chakshu Darshan:** This refers to the perception of objects through the sense of sight.
* **Achakshu Darshan:** This refers to the perception of objects through senses other than sight, including the mind.
* **Avadhi Darshan:** This refers to the perception of objects through Avadhi Jnana (clairvoyance), which involves a general understanding of the object before the actual experience.
* **Kevala Darshan:** This refers to the perception of all objects in the three realms (Triloka) across all three times (past, present, future) through Kevala Jnana (omniscience).
Achakshu Darshan is practiced from the first to the twelfth Gunasthan. Chakshu Darshan is practiced from the fourth to the twelfth Gunasthan. Avadhi Darshan is practiced from the fourth to the twelfth Gunasthan. Kevala Darshan is practiced by Jivas in the thirteenth and fourteenth Gunasthan, as well as by Siddhas (liberated souls).
The process of investigating the nature of Jivas through Darshan is called **Darshan Margna**.
**Leshya Margna**
**Leshya** refers to the tendency of the soul to be influenced by Kshayas. There are six types of Leshya:
* **Krishna Leshya:** This is characterized by intense anger, a desire for revenge, a combative nature, a lack of compassion, and a tendency towards cruelty.
* **Neela Leshya:** This is characterized by greed, deceitfulness, laziness, a lack of intelligence, a strong desire for wealth, and a tendency to cheat others.
* **Kapota Leshya:** This is characterized by a tendency to get angry easily, a tendency to criticize others and praise oneself, a lack of trust in others, a tendency to give gifts to those who flatter or praise them, and a lack of concern for one's own well-being.
These three Leshyas are considered **Ashubha Leshyas** (unfavorable Leshyas).
* **Peet Leshya (Tejo Leshya):** This is characterized by a concern for one's own well-being, a tendency towards compassion and generosity, an impartial view of others, and a gentle nature.
* **Padma Leshya:** This is characterized by a noble nature, a tendency towards renunciation, and a lack of concern for suffering and adversity.
* **Shukla Leshya:** This is characterized by a pure and virtuous nature, a complete absence of Kshayas, and a state of liberation.
The process of investigating the nature of Jivas through Leshya is called **Leshya Margna**.