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Chakkhandagama 4 Yogamargana- The arising of the power that is the cause of the acceptance of karmas due to the activity of the self in the form of contraction and expansion is called yoga. Or, the activity in the form of contraction and expansion of the regions of the self is called yoga. There are three types of yoga - manoyoga, vachanayoga, and kaayayoga. The arising of the mental state that is the cause of the contemplation of the nature of the object is called manoyoga. The yoga that is the cause of the arising of speech is called vachanayoga, and the effort that is for the arising of the activity of the body is called kaayayoga. Out of these three yogas, only kaayayoga is found in the ekendriyas (one-sensed beings). Vachanayoga and kaayayoga are found in the beings from the dwindriya (two-sensed) to the asanjni panchendriyas (unconscious five-sensed beings). All three yogas are found in the sanjni panchendriyas (conscious five-sensed beings). In this way, through these three yogas, all the beings up to the thirteenth gunasthana (stage of spiritual development) attain anumargana (spiritual progress). The ayogikevali (non-yogic omniscient) and the siddha (liberated) beings who are devoid of these yogas should be known as ayogi (non-yogic).
5 Vedamargana- The bhava (state of being) of enjoying the objects of women, men, or both, which arises due to the rise of the vedaniya (feeling-deluding) karma that is veda, is called veda. There are three types of veda - striveda, puruṣaveda, and napuṃsakaveda. The desire of women to enjoy with men is called striveda. The desire of men to enjoy with women is called puruṣaveda. The desire to enjoy with both women and men is called napuṃsakaveda. Or, the bhava of enjoying with any living being or its limbs and appendages, which is different from the desire of the aforementioned two vedas, is called napuṃsakaveda. All the beings from the ekendriyas to the asanjni panchendriyas are only napuṃsakavedi. Among the sanjni panchendriyas, there are beings with all three vedas. Among them, the narakis (hell beings) have only napuṃsakaveda, and the devas (celestial beings) have either striveda or puruṣaveda. In the manushyas (humans) and the sanjni panchendriyas, there are beings with all three vedas. These three vedas are found up to the saveda (with veda) part of the ninth gunasthana, and the remaining gunasthanas of the manushyas and the siddhas should be known as avedi (without veda).
6 Kaṣāyamārgaṇā- That which pulls the karmic field that generates happiness and unhappiness and does not allow the arising of samyagdarśana (right faith), saṃyamasaṃyama (partial control), sakalasamyama (complete control), and yathākhyātacaritra (conduct as per knowledge), is called kaṣāya. There are four types of kaṣāya - krodha (anger), māna (pride), māyā (deceit), and lobha (greed). These four kaṣāyas are found in all the living beings from the smallest ekendriyas to the panchendriyas of the four gatis (realms of existence). Even the beings who are developing the self have these four kaṣāyas up to the ninth gunasthana. In the ninth gunasthana, the kaṣāyas of krodha, māna, and māyā are destroyed. The kaṣāya of lobha is found up to the tenth gunasthana, and it is destroyed at the end of that. Above this, the beings of the eleventh and the subsequent four gunasthanas, as well as the siddhas, are akṣāya, i.e., devoid of kaṣāya.