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## 2. Dravyapamanaanugamo
Now, to explain the number of jivas in the aforementioned fourteen gunasthanas, the Uttar Sutra says:
**Dravyapamanaanugamen duviho niddeso ogheṇa ādesena ya || 1 ||**
There are two types of directions in relation to dravyapamanaanugamo: Oghaniddesha and Aadeshaniddesha. || 1 ||
That which is attained, will be attained, and has been attained is called dravya. Or, that by which the paryayas are attained, will be attained, and were attained is called dravya. This dravya is of two types: jivadravy and ajivadravy.
That which is devoid of five types of colors, five types of tastes, two types of smells, and eight types of touches; is subtle and has countless regions, and whose form is not perceptible to the senses is called jiva. This is the general characteristic of jiva, as it is also found in other intangible dravyas like dharma, etc.
Urdhvagatikhabhava, bhoktṛtva, and sva-paraprakashatva are the unique characteristics of the said jiva; because, this characteristic is not found in any other dravya except jivadravy.
That which does not possess the quality of consciousness is called ajiv. It is of five types: dharma, adharma, akasha, pudgala, and kala. Generally, there are two divisions of ajiv: rupa and arupa. Among them, the pudgala, which is endowed with form, taste, smell, and touch, is the rupa ajivadravy. This rupa ajivadravy is of six types, differentiated as earth, water, shadow, etc. The arupa ajivadravy is of four types: dharmadravya, adharmadravya, akashadravya, and kaladravya. Among them, that which is the cause of the movement and stillness of jivas and pudgalas is dharmadravya, and that which is the cause of their state is adharmadravya. Both these dravyas are intangible and have countless regions, being equal to the loka. That which is all-pervasive and provides space for other dravyas is called akashadravya. That which is the cause of the transformation of itself and other dravyas and is one-regioned is called kaladravya. There are as many kalānus as there are regions in the lokakasha. There are two divisions of akasha: lokakasha and alokakasha. Where the other five dravyas reside is called lokakasha. And where those five dravyas are not found is called alokakasha.
Here, only jivadravy is being discussed, not the other five dravyas.
That by which substances are measured or counted is called pramana. The pramana of dravya is called dravyapramana. Knowledge that is in accordance with the object is called anugamo. Or,