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## [38] The Living Being in the Six Stages
[1, 1, 113] The living being bound by the passion of greed exists from the one-sense stage to the stage of subtle saṃpārāya-purification. || 113 ||
The final limit of the passion of greed is the subtle saṃpārāya stage. This is because when the other passions cease to arise, the passion of greed does not cease at the same time.
Now, to explain the stages of liberation marked by the passionless living beings, the Uttar-sūtra says:
[1, 1, 114] The passionless living beings exist in four stages: the stage of subdued passion, the stage of extinguished passion, the stage of the liberated with attachments, and the stage of the liberated without attachments. || 114 ||
Although the substance of passion exists in the stage of subdued passion, the existence of the passionless living beings mentioned there is explained in relation to the absence of the arising of passion.
Now, to explain the living beings through the path of knowledge, the Uttar-sūtra says:
[1, 1, 115] According to the path of knowledge, there are the following types of living beings: the intellectually ignorant, the scripturally ignorant, the knowledge of differentiation, the knowledge of insight, the scripturally knowledgeable, the clairvoyant, the mind-perceiving, and the omniscient. || 115 ||
Knowledge is that which knows. Or, the result of the soul, which arises from the destruction or pacification of the knowledge-obscuring karma, by which the soul knows, knew, or will know, is called knowledge. This knowledge is of two types: direct and indirect. Of these, indirect knowledge is also of two types: intellectual knowledge and scriptural knowledge. Direct knowledge is of three types: clairvoyance, mind-perception, and omniscience.
Intellectual ignorance is the intellect that arises in relation to poison, instruments, deceit, cages, and bondage, without the instruction of another. Scriptural ignorance is the inappropriate instruction of the scriptures of thieves and violence, etc. The opposite clairvoyant knowledge that is the cause of karma is called the knowledge of differentiation. The understanding of an object through the senses and mind is called the knowledge of insight. There are three hundred and thirty-six types of this knowledge, in relation to the five senses and mind (six), the twelve substances like the many, and the four like grasping, etc. (4412 = 48 for grasping, 641244 = 288 for understanding; 288 + 48 = 336). The knowledge of another object in relation to an object known through intellectual knowledge is called scriptural knowledge. This knowledge arises regularly after intellectual knowledge. Its literal and...