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1912) Naya Karnika
[263 maana . GENERAL AND SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF THINGS.
अर्थाः सर्वेऽनि च सामान्यविशेषोभयात्मकाः ।
4,41 ga tau aftast fa #1: 113 11 Among other properties, all objects have these two properties also, viz (1) ART-Samanya or the generalizing (general ) properties and(2) Pre-Vishes hi or the differentiating (specific) properties; the general expressing the genus (Jati) etc, the specific expressing the -species-differences-distinctions. 3. DISTINCTION BETWEEN GENERAL AND SPECIFIC PROPERTIES,
OR ILLUSTRATIONS OF SAMANYA AND VISHESHA.
ऐक्यबुध्धि र्घटश ते भवेत्सामान्यधर्मतः ।
विशेषाश्च निजं निजं लक्षयन्ति घ. जनाः ॥४॥ By means of general properties, in each of hundred (only for the sake of specification, a number of hundred is here placed. Truly it means all .) jars, one idea (of jar-ness) is recognized; while by means of specific properties, people distinguish each in-, dividual-particular jar as their own. 4.
EXPLANATION-Suppose there are lying here many jars; if we lcuk to them from the standpoint of their general property, we shall realize jar-ness or the quality of their being a 'jar'common in all of them: but if we view them from the aspect of their differentiating property, we shall feel their qualities different, some jars being large, some small, some jars of red colour, some of black, some belonging to A, some to B, and so on. 4 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NON-DISTINGUISHED OR NAIGAMA
NAVA-STAND-POINT. नैगमो मन्यने वस्तु तदेतदुभयात्मकं ।
निर्विशेषं न सामान्यं विशेषोऽपि न तद्विना ॥ ५ ॥ The non-distinguished (naigama), regards an object as possessing both the aforesaid (general and specific) properties; (because) there is no general property unaccompanied with the specific property
