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## Verse 48: Explanation of the Six Substances and Five Astikayas
This verse concludes the explanation of the characteristics of substance, considering both the Dravyarthic and Paryayarthic Nayas.
**Verse 12:**
* **Translation:** "A substance without its attributes does not exist, just as there is no milk without its attributes like curd, butter, etc. Similarly, attributes without their substance do not exist, just as there is no curd, butter, etc. without milk. The Shramanas [Jain monks] declare that both are non-different in essence."
* **Commentary:** This verse highlights the non-duality of substance and its attributes. Just as milk cannot exist without its attributes like curd, butter, etc., and vice versa, a substance cannot exist without its attributes, and attributes cannot exist without their substance. Although there may be a perceived difference due to different perspectives or purposes, their essential nature is non-dual.
* **Hindi Commentary:** The verse explains that a substance without its attributes does not exist, and attributes without their substance do not exist. The Shramanas declare that both are non-different in essence.
* **Sanskrit Commentary:** This verse demonstrates the non-duality of substance and its attributes. A substance without its attributes does not exist, just as there is no milk without its attributes like curd, butter, etc. Similarly, attributes without their substance do not exist, just as there is no curd, butter, etc. without milk. Because of this non-duality, the Shramanas declare that both substance and attributes are non-different in essence.