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The nine substances (**dravya**) are: **Panchaastikaya** (five categories of non-living matter), **Jiva** (living being), **Punnya** (merit), **Papa** (demerit), **Asrava** (influx), **Samvara** (restriction), **Nirjara** (effusion), **Bandha** (bondage), and **Moksha** (liberation).
**Explanation:**
* **Jiva:** The living being, characterized by the ability to perceive and know.
* **Ajiva:** The five categories of non-living matter, distinct from the Jiva, such as matter, space, time, motion, and rest.
* **Punnya:** Merit, a state of mind characterized by good intentions and actions, such as generosity and worship. It manifests as **dravya punnya**, a collection of **pudgala** (matter) particles with auspicious qualities.
* **Papa:** Demerit, a state of mind characterized by negative intentions and actions, such as false beliefs and anger. It manifests as **dravya papa**, a collection of **pudgala** particles with inauspicious qualities.
* **Asrava:** Influx, the flow of negative karmic tendencies (**raga**, **dvesha**, **moha**) into the Jiva. It manifests as **dravya asrava**, the influx of karmic matter into the Jiva.
* **Samvara:** Restriction, the cessation of the influx of karmic tendencies. It manifests as **dravya samvara**, the cessation of the influx of karmic matter.
* **Nirjara:** Effusion, the gradual shedding of accumulated karma through **tapas** (austerities). It manifests as **dravya nirjara**, the shedding of karmic matter.
* **Bandha:** Bondage, the attachment of the Jiva to karmic matter due to negative tendencies. It manifests as **dravya bandha**, the entanglement of the Jiva with karmic matter.
* **Moksha:** Liberation, the complete detachment of the Jiva from karmic matter, leading to the realization of the pure soul. It manifests as **dravya moksha**, the complete separation of the Jiva from karmic matter.
This concludes the explanation of the nine substances in this text. The next section will discuss the **Jiva** in detail.