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The description of the path to liberation (moksha) through the nine substances (navapadaartha) is as follows: It is characterized by right faith (sammattananajutta), not by the absence of right faith; it is characterized by right conduct (charitra), not by misconduct; it is characterized by the absence of attachment and aversion (ragadosaparhiina), not by the presence of attachment and aversion; it is the path to liberation (mokkhass maggo), not the path to bondage; it is for the worthy (bhalvaan), not for the unworthy (abhalvaan); it is for those who have attained knowledge (laddhabuddhiin), not for those who have not attained knowledge; it is characterized by the destruction of passions (kshiinakashaya), not by the presence of passions. Thus, there are eight ways to understand this rule.
This is further explained by the principle of affirmation and negation (anvayavyatireka). Affirmation means that something is possible, while negation means that something is not possible. For example, liberation is possible when there is the cause of liberation, which is right faith and conduct. This is affirmation. Liberation is not possible when there is no cause of liberation. This is negation.
This principle is further strengthened by the fact that when there is a cause, such as fire, there is an effect, such as burning. When there is no cause, there is no effect. Therefore, the effect is dependent on the cause. This is the principle of cause and effect.