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## Translation:
**9.** The expectation of knowledge about the description of the six substances and the five astikayas is the same for both Shruta Jnana and Kevala Jnana, but Shruta Jnana is indirect, while Kevala Jnana is direct.
**10.** Thus, the verse ends by describing the nature of the concrete and abstract in a different way. This is a description of the nature of Vyavahar Kala (practical time) and Nishchay Kala (absolute time). Kala (time) is born from Parinam (change), and Parinam is born from Dravya Kala (substance-time). The nature of both is that Kala is momentary and constant.
**100.** Kala is born from Parinam, and Parinam is born from Dravya Kala.
**10.** The nature of both is that Kala is momentary and constant.
**Commentary:** This is a statement about the nature of Vyavahar Kala and Nishchay Kala.
There, the sequential Paryaya (aspect) called "Samaya" is Vyavahar Kala, and the Dravya (substance) that is its basis is Nishchay Kala.
There, Vyavahar Kala is a Paryaya of Nishchay Kala, but it is known to be measured by the Parinam of Jiva-Pudgalas (living beings and particles), therefore it is called "born from the Parinam of Jiva-Pudgalas". And the Parinam of Jiva-Pudgalas is born in the presence of Dravya Kala, which is the external cause, therefore it is called "born from Dravya Kala".
The meaning here is that Vyavahar Kala is determined by the Parinam of Jiva-Pudgalas, and Nishchay Kala is determined by the impossibility of the Parinam of Jiva-Pudgalas being otherwise (i.e., the Parinam of Jiva-Pudgalas cannot be formed in any other way).
The momentary Vyavahar Kala is due to the subtle Paryaya being only as long as it lasts, and the eternal Nishchay Kala is due to its being the Dravya that is the basis of its own Guna Paryaya (aspect of qualities), and therefore being imperishable forever.