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## Translation:
**106**
**Explanation of the Six Substances and Five Astikayas**
This explanation, relying on the Bhatta Cakramataka, is intended to help disciples understand the concept of omniscience. It uses nine examples, as stated in the following couplet, because the Bhatta-Carvaka philosophy does not accept the existence of an omniscient being.
The meaning of the quoted verse is explained here to establish the truth. Just as the brightness of a gem-lamp appears to increase and decrease, we can infer that there must be something with greater brilliance. Similarly, since we see knowledge increasing and decreasing in the beings of the world, it is possible for a being to possess complete knowledge. The one who possesses complete knowledge is the omniscient. This is the meaning of the other examples as well: (2) the increasing and decreasing brightness of the sun's rays, (3) the moonlight, (4) the light of the stars, (5) the light of metals and stones, (6) the shine of gold, (7) the shine of silver, (8) the brilliance of crystal, (9) the intensity of fire. The example of gold and silver is relevant because they are found to be pure even when they are impure. Similarly, an impure soul, while becoming pure, should also be found to be completely pure. That is the omniscient.
This being is the doer of both pure and impure actions. This explanation is given to help disciples who follow the Sankhya philosophy, which holds the view that the being is not the doer. And this being is the enjoyer. This explanation is given to address disciples who follow the Buddhist philosophy, which believes that the doer does not experience the fruits of his actions because they are transient. This being remains as the witness of its own body. This statement is made to dispel the doubts of disciples who follow the Nyaya, Mimamsa, and Kapila philosophies, because they believe that the soul is omnipresent or atomic. This being is formless. This explanation is given to address disciples who follow the Bhatta-Carvaka philosophy, because they do not consider the being to be different from pure, inert matter, which is beyond the senses. This being is combined with material karma and mental karma. This explanation is given to refute the Sadashiva philosophy, because they believe that the soul is always liberated and pure. In this way, it is important to understand the meaning through different philosophies.
The explanation of the meaning through the Agamas is that this being is the possessor of the nature of being, consciousness, etc. This is well-known in the Param-Agama. The meaning here is that one should strive to contemplate the pure being-astikaya, which is free from all limitations and possesses only the qualities of omniscience, etc., by abandoning all the false perceptions and the results of the limitations like attachment, etc., which are born from karma.
In this way, it is important to understand the meaning of words, the meaning of the Nayas, the meaning of philosophies, the meaning of the Agamas, and the meaning of the essence, as much as possible, at all times.