Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
## Appendix 2
**Karma-yogya pudgala** (particles capable of becoming karma) become transformed into karma (in the form of **karma-rupa**). **Bandhan** (bondage) is the power of the soul that binds karma, especially **bandhan karma** (karma of bondage), which arises from **jiva karma** (karma of the soul). The connection between newly acquired **pudgalas** (particles) and previously acquired **modarik** (particles of the body) etc. is established. **Badar uddhar palyopama** (a unit of time) is the time it takes for a **palya** (a measure of time) to become empty when one **keshaya** (a unit of time) is removed every hundred years from a **nadar adda popam** (a measure of time).
**Badar uddhar sagaropama** (a unit of time) is the time of ten **koti koti** (billions of billions) **badar uddhar palyopama**.
**Badar yogakera ni evam yojana praman lambe ek yojana praman thode aur ek yojana praman gahre ek gol parushgadde ko ek din se lekar sat din tak ke use balayo se prasas bhar kar ki jisko va ag jala sake, na vayu uda sake aur na jal ka hi pravesh ho sake, prati samay ek-ek balay ke nikalne par jitne samay mein vah palya saali ho jaye, us kal ko badar uddhar palyopama kahte hai.** (A **badar uddhar palyopama** is the time it takes for a round, rough pit, one yojana (a unit of distance) long, one yojana wide, and one yojana deep, filled with **balaya** (a type of fuel) for one to seven days, to become empty when one **balaya** is removed every moment, and neither fire, wind, nor water can enter it.)
**Badar uddhar sagaropama** is the time of ten **koti koti** **badar uddhar palyopama**.
**Badar phal yugal paravart** (a unit of time) is the time in which a living being, through its death, touches each moment of a **kal chakra** (time cycle) of twenty **koti koti** **sagaropama**, either in a **kram** (sequential) or **akram** (non-sequential) manner.
**Badar kshetra pudgal paravart** (a unit of time) is the time it takes for a living being to acquire and release all the atoms in the entire universe, except for those in the **aaharaka sharira vargana** (category of the body that consumes food), in all seven **vargana** (categories) of the body, including the **audarik sharira** (category of the body that is the object of perception).
**Badar bhav pudgal paravart** (a unit of time) is the time it takes for a living being, through its death, to touch all the **kashaya sthana** (places of passions) that are the cause of **anubhag bandha** (bondage of experience), either in a **kram** or **akram** manner.
**Bal tapasvi** (a young ascetic) who does not understand the true nature of the soul, due to ignorance, performs **kayaklesh** (physical austerities) etc.