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Actions are called Yoga because they are directly or indirectly caused by Yoga. In essence, the basis of the fruits of Yoga is the process of development. If development were not gradual but achieved completely in one go, the fruits of Yoga would not be considered. Therefore, Vṛtti-saṁkṣaya, which is the direct cause of liberation, should be considered the primary Yoga. Those actions that are counted in the category of Yoga are called Yoga because they are caused by the primary Yoga. The totality of all these actions is called Samprajñāta in the Pātañjala-darśana and in Jain scriptures, it is divided into four categories, namely Ādhyātma, etc., according to the intensity of purification. When actions that are directly or indirectly caused by Vṛtti-saṁkṣaya are called Yoga, the question arises as to when these actions should be taken. But the answer has already been given that the actions performed from the Dharmapura-lapravṛtta-kāla onwards should be counted in the category of Yoga. The reason for this is that when conducive causes are available, all those actions become conducive to liberation, i.e., Dharma-vyāpāra. On the other hand, no matter how many conducive causes are available, actions performed during the Acarmapudgala-lapravṛtta-kāla are not conducive to liberation.
**Means and Stages of Yoga:**
In the Pātañjala-darśana, (1) Abhyāsa and (2) Vairāgya are the means of Yoga that are mentioned. In it, Vairāgya is also said to be of two types, namely Apar and Para. Considering Vairāgya as Yoga because it is the cause of Yoga, in Jain scriptures, Apar-vairāgya is called Atavika Dharma-saṁnyāsa and Para-vairāgya is called Ta...
* See, Pāda-sūtra, 12, 14 and 16.