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What is the cause? To solve the question of 'what', different philosophers and thinkers have presented their own views and arguments, which are hinted at in the following verse from the Shvetashvatara Upanishad 19...
"Time, nature, destiny, chance, the elements like earth, and the Purusha (soul) - these are the causes of diversity. The soul experiences happiness and sorrow due to these causes. It is not the soul itself. In the same way, other thinkers have presented their own perspectives. If these different views are compiled, a great treatise can be prepared. But here, without going into detail, we will briefly discuss the following views on causes...
1. Time, 2. Nature, 3. Destiny, 4. Chance, 5. Effort, 6. Purusha (God).
All these views contradict each other and claim to be the sole cause of action. Their perspectives are as follows:
**Kalavada** - This philosophy considers time as the primary cause. This philosophy states that every action in the world is happening due to the influence of time. Without time, nature, effort, etc. can do nothing. A person performs a good or bad deed, but its fruit is not received at that time. When the right time comes, its good or bad (auspicious-inauspicious) fruit is received. In time, the sun shines and in winter, it is cold. Similarly, a person cannot do anything on their own, but when the time comes, all actions happen as they should. This is all the glory of time. The perspective of Kalavada is:
"Time ripens all beings, time destroys all beings. Time comes to those who are asleep, time is very difficult to overcome."
1. Mahabharata 1.24