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(2) A child born from *khidda-durgati* (hellish existence) cries repeatedly, while a child born from *sugati* (heavenly existence) remembers *sugati* and laughs. This is the *khidda* (play) role.
(3) *Pad Bimamsa* is when a child takes its first steps on earth, either with the support of its parents or someone else.
(4) *Ujjugat* is when a child gains the ability to walk independently.
(5) *Sekh* is the role of a student during the time of learning crafts, arts, etc.
(6) *Saman* is the role of leaving home and taking monastic vows.
(7) *Jin* is the role of attaining knowledge by worshipping the *Acharya*.
(8) *Pann* is the role of a wise monk who has become *prajna* (enlightened) and does not engage in any conversation, a selfless *Shraman*.
These eight roles, the first three indicate a lack of development, while the last five indicate development. After them, there should be liberation.
The aforementioned *Patangala*, *Buddhist*, and *Ajivika* views on the roles for self-development do not have the same systematic order and clarity as the *Gunasthanas* (stages of spiritual progress) in Jainism. However, they are mentioned because these philosophies, which believe in rebirth and the existence of this world and the next, have contemplated the liberation of the soul from its bound state.