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## Karmastava Parishishta: 164
And one does not transform into another form, meaning it does not transform other substances by being a motivator, but time is the cause for substances to attain various kinds of transformations on their own. Now the question arises: Does time exist? How can we know this? The answer is that time, cooking, etc., are given their own specific names like time, cooking, etc., while also being attributed the name of time in the form of time, kala, pakakala, etc. And from this name, the existence of the primary time is known.
This time substance is innumerable, and the primary time is in the form of existence. Thus, based on the primary time, the secondary time of practical usage is known in the form of hours, minutes, days, nights, fortnights, months, etc. And through these, the primary time in the form of transformation is known. This primary time exists in the form of one atom on each region of the lokaakasha. There are innumerable regions of the lokaakasha. Therefore, there are also innumerable time atoms. The most subtle part of practical time is called time, meaning time is the focal point of time calculation, and after that, we know about nimisha, ghadi, day-night, etc. The cause of the origin of these times, etc., is the celestial deities like Surya-Chandra, etc., who constantly circumambulate Meru in this human world. Due to their movement, day-night, etc., occur in the human world.
The most subtle part of the time substance is called time, and the definition of time is that when the time atom is situated on a particular region of space, when that region of space is crossed by the pudgala atoms at a slow speed,