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Gommatasar Karmakanda-426
**Meaning:**
Bondage is the union of the karma-form of pudgala dravya with the soul's regions. The increase in the state and section of karma that was previously present is called **utkarshana**. The transformation of the nature that was previously bound into another form of nature, i.e., the transformation of those nature atoms into another form of nature, is called **prakriti sankraman**. The reduction (decrease) of the state and section of karma that was previously present is called **apकर्षण**. Bringing the dravya located outside the udavali into the udavali by the force of apकर्षण is called **udirana**. The merging of the atoms of those natures whose fruition period has not arrived, i.e., whose time is more than the udavali, into those whose fruition is in the time of the nisheka avali, so that their fruition occurs simultaneously with them, is udirana. The existence, i.e., the karma-form of pudgalas, is called **sattva**. The attainment of fruition by karma according to its previous bound state is called **udaya**. This is what the Jinadeva has said. The karma atoms that are unable to attain udirana are called **upashantakarana**. The karma atoms that are unable to attain the udavali and transform into another form of nature are called **nidhati**. The karma atoms that are unable to attain the udavali, transform into another form of nature, or undergo utkarshana-apकर्षण are called **nikachita**.
**Characteristics of the Ten Karmas in Various Texts:**
**Bandha:**
1. "Bandho naam du-bhav-pariharaena eyattavatto" - The attainment of oneness by abandoning duality is called bondage.
2. "Eki-bhavo bandha" - Oneness (uniformity of the soul's karma) is called bondage.
3. "Jiva-kammanam micchattasanjamakasayajoghehim eyattaparinama bandho" - The oneness that results from the soul and karma due to falsehood, non-restraint, passions, and yogas is called bondage.
4. "Jammi anuyogaddare kammivagganaaye poggalakkhandhanam kammparinama paoggabhavaenaavattidaanan jivapadeshehim saha micchatt-adipacc-ayavase-na sambandho payadi-hi-di-anubhag-padesabheyabhinno paruv-ijjai tamanuyogaddaram bandhotti bhannade" - The anuyogadvara in which the pudgala skandhas, having attained the ability to transform into the karma-form of the karmanavargna, are connected with the soul's regions due to falsehood, etc., is called 'bandha'.
5. "Sleshalakshana bandha" - Bondage is characterized by union.
**Other Statements:**
1. Dhaval, p. 13, p. 7
2. Dhaval, p. 13, p. 348
3. Dhaval, p. 8, p. 2
4. Jayadhaval, p. 8, p. 2
5. Ratnakarandaka, p. 5/33 Sutra