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**Mmsar Karmakanda-396**
Further, among those three Chulikaas, the first one is called Navaprashna Chulika.
"Kin bandho udayado, puvvam paccha saman vinassadi so.
Saparobhayodayo va, nirantaro santaro ubhayo." (399)
**Meaning:**
Firstly, which of the existing natures have their bandha-vyuchchitti before their udaya-vyuchchitti? Which of the existing natures have their bandha-vyuchchitti after their udaya-vyuchchitti? Which of the existing natures have their bandha-vyuchchitti simultaneously with their udaya-vyuchchitti? These are the three questions.
Which natures have their bandha when they themselves arise? Which natures have their bandha when other natures arise? Which natures have their bandha when both (self and other natures) arise? These are the three questions.
Which natures have their bandha continuously? Which natures have their bandha intermittently? Which natures have their bandha both continuously and intermittently? These are the three questions.
Thus, there are nine questions in total, which will be discussed in this section.
**Specific Meaning:**
The nine questions of Navaprashna Chulika are as follows:
Which natures have their bandha-vyuchchitti before and their udaya-vyuchchitti after? Which natures have their udaya-vyuchchitti before and their bandha-vyuchchitti after? Which natures have their bandha-udaya-vyuchchitti simultaneously? Which natures have their bandha only when other natures arise? Which natures have their bandha only when they themselves arise? Which natures have their bandha when both self and other natures arise? Which natures have their bandha continuously from the beginning of the moment until the end? Which natures have their bandha intermittently from one moment to less than the end of the moment? Which natures have their bandha sometimes continuously and sometimes intermittently?
**Characteristics of Santara and Nirantara:**
"Padivakkhapayadhibhandhassiduun thakkamanbandhas saantarabandhi tti tam saantarabandhisu padivakkhapayadhibhandhaavinaabhavam dattan yutta. Paramatthado pun egasamayam bandhiduun vidiyasamaye jisse bandhaviramo dissadi sa saantarabandhapyadi. Jisse bandhakalo jahanno vi antomuttametto sa nirantarabandhapyadi tti ghettavvam."
**Translation:**
"When the bandha of the previous moment is destroyed, the bandha of the next moment is called intermittent bandha. It is appropriate to consider the absence of the bandha of the previous moment in intermittent bandha. However, from the ultimate perspective, if the bandha occurs at one moment and ceases at another moment, then it is called intermittent bandha. If the duration of the bandha is continuous and extends until the end of the moment, then it is called continuous bandha."
**References:**
1. Pra. Pan. San. Page 74-71, Verses 65-77, Mataprashna.
2. "Bandho bhuutvaa kshanam yaasaam samaano nivartate. Bandhaapuurte kshanenaita: saantaraa viniveditaa." (19)
"Antarmukhuurtmaatraatvaajghannyasyaapi karmaan. Sarveshaa bandhakalaasya bandhah samaayiko'sti yo." (100)
- Amitagati, Sanskrit Panchasangraha, Chapter 3.