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Jain theory states the relationship between karmic bondage (paudgalik karma bandha) and the transformation of the soul (atma parinam). It is certain that the transformation of the soul will be in accordance with the ripening of karma (karmodaya), there can be no disparity. However, with the same transformation of the soul (sthitibandha adhyavasaya), the final maturation of the knowledge-obscuring karma (matijnanaavaran) takes 30 koḍakoḍī sāgara (a unit of time) while the initial maturation takes 3000 years. With the same transformation of the soul, the final maturation of the scripture-obscuring karma (śrutajnanaavaran) etc. can be 30 koḍakoḍī sāgara minus an immeasurable fraction of a moment (palyopam). (Mahabanda, Vol. 3, p. 1) Similarly, with the same transformation of the soul, the infiniteth part of the section of the knowledge-obscuring karma that is bound in the final stage (antama spardhak) is present in the initial stage (prathamaspardhak). The transformation of the soul that leads to the superior section of the knowledge-obscuring karma also leads to the inferior section of the scripture-obscuring karma etc. bound with the knowledge-obscuring karma, which can be infinitely less. (Mahabanda, Vol. 5, p. 1) It is not a rule that the state of bondage (sthitibandha) and the section of bondage (anubhagabandh) occur in accordance with the transformation of the soul (atma parinam) and the transformation of the passions (kṣayā rūpa parinam), but it is a rule that the transformation of the soul occurs in accordance with the ripening of the sections of karma (karma anubhagoday). This is because the sutra says, "chīpāko'nubhavaḥ." Those who do not believe in the transformation of the soul in accordance with the ripening of karma have to believe in the agency of God, because no being can independently go to hell. The ripening of karma like the hellish life (narakāyu) takes them to hell. It is also said, "Without the bondage of the hellish life, the false views (mithyadarshan), non-restraint (avīrati), and passions (kṣayābhāva) do not have the power to cause birth in hell." (Dhavala, Vol. 1, Sutra 25, Commentary, p. 205)
Every human being thinks about karma and its fruits, because every individual wants to see and know what the fruit of their actions and thoughts is. Therefore, they also decide what thoughts and actions should be performed to obtain a particular fruit. Thus, all the historical, social, and religious thinking of culture makes karma and its fruits its subject. This is discussed in detail in this book.
Akshayatṛtīyā, Vikram Samvat 2037
Ratanchand Jain Mukhtar
Saharanpur (U.P.)
* Index.*
Dhavala
A. Chapter Go, K. Gommatasar Karmakanda K.Pr. Karmaprakriti
(Bharatiya Jnanapith) J.Dh. Jayadhavala
(Di. Jain Sangh Chaurasi, Mathura)
Book Pra.Pan.San. Prakrit Panchasangrah
(Bharatiya Jnanapith
M.Bandha Mahabanda
(Bharatiya Jnanapith) Ra.Va. Tanvarthrajavartika
(Bharatiya Jnanapith) S.Si. Sarvarthasiddhi
(Bharatiya Jnanapith Tri.Sa. Trilokasar