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## Verse 620
**Doubt:** What are the Astikayas? What is the nature of Astikayas?
**Solution:** Jiva, Pudgala, Dharma, Adharma, and Akasha are the five Astikayas, because they are real (sat) and occupy multiple regions (bahupradeshi). Shri Kundakunda Acharya has also said:
"Jiva, Pudgala, Dharma, Adharma, and Akasha are real and occupy multiple regions." (4)
[Pancha Astikaya]
1. Jiva, Pudgala, Dharma, Adharma, and Akasha are permanent and unique in existence, and they are large in regions. These five substances exist in their own Maha-satta and Avanta-satta, and are unique to their own existence. Therefore, they are real. These five substances also have a body (kaya), because they are large in particles (pranu-mahan). Here, the word "anu" refers to the smallest particle (pradesh). That which is made up of many particles (pradesh) is called "pranu-mahan".
**Doubt:** How is it possible for a single-region Pudgala atom to have a body?
**Solution:** Due to the combined power of smoothness (snigdhatva) and roughness (rukshatva), the atom is the cause of the body (skandha). Therefore, it has a body by implication (upachaar). (2)
"Those who have the nature of existence (asti) with various qualities and states are Astikayas." (5)
[Pancha Astikaya]
- Jiva, Pudgala, Dharma, Adharma, and Akasha are substances that are made up of parts (pravayi), and regions (pradesh) are their parts. These five Astikayas are unique to their regions, therefore, their existence is proven.
Thus, this is the knowledge (pramaya) that these substances are of six types due to the difference between Jiva and Ajiva. Except for time (kal), the remaining five substances are Astikayas. Because they exist, they are real (asti), and because they are like a body (kaya) and occupy multiple regions, they are called "kaya". Combining "asti" and "kaya" gives us "Astikaya". Jiva, Dharma, and Adharma have countless regions, and Akasha has infinite regions. Pudgala has countable, countless, and infinite regions. Thus, there are three types of regions in Pudgala. Time has only one region, therefore, time is not a "kaya".
1. Pancha Astikaya, verse 4, Samaya Vyakhya Teevan.
2. Pancha Astikaya, verse 4, Yamvritti Teeka, Samaya Vyakhya Teeka.
3. Pancha Astikaya, verse 5.