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## Chapter 668, Section 6: The Living Beings
**Verses 566-600**
In the **Dravya** classification of **Nigoda** (subtle matter), the fourth **Dhr** (non-existent) classification with zero **Vargana** (category) is the most **Jghanya** (inferior). Then, going to the **Utkrushta** (superior) **Dhr** (non-existent) **Dravya** classification, which is an infinite number of times greater than all living beings, is the most **Utkrushta** (superior). This is an **Asankhyata** (innumerable) number of times greater than the **Jghanya** (inferior). The **Jagattara** (world) is an **Asankhyata** (innumerable) part of the **Gunakara** (multiplier), which is an **Asankhyata** (innumerable) **Jagashreni** (world series) in size. This is the 22nd **Vargana** (category).
In the **Utkrushta** (superior) **Dhr** (non-existent) **Dravya** classification, adding one **Anka** (digit) results in the most **Jghanya** (inferior) **Maha-Skandha** (great mass) **Dravya** classification. Then, going to the **Utkrushta** (superior) **Maha-Skandha** (great mass) **Dravya** classification, which is an infinite number of times greater than all living beings, is the most **Utkrushta** (superior). This is a **Vishesh** (special) **Adhik** (greater) than the **Jghanya** (inferior). The **Vishesh** (special) size of the most **Jghanya** (inferior) **Maha-Skandha** (great mass) **Vargana** (category) is obtained by dividing the **Pallya** (measure) by an **Asankhyata** (innumerable) part. This is the 23rd **Vargana** (category).
**Explanation of the **Prati-Gag** (reverse) and **Gunakara** (multiplier) for obtaining the **Utkrushta** (superior) from the **Jghanya** (inferior):**
In the **Paramanu** (atom) **Vargana** (category), there is no difference between the **Jghanya** (inferior) and the **Utkrushta** (superior). In the remaining **Vargana** (categories), there is a difference between the **Jghanya** (inferior) and the **Utkrushta** (superior).
To obtain the **Utkrushta** (superior) in the **Grahana** (absorption) **Vargana** (categories), the **Pratibhaga** (fraction) is an **Anantava** (infinite) part of the **Siddha** (liberated beings). To obtain the **Utkrushta** (superior) in the final **Maha-Skandha** (great mass), the **Pratibhaga** (fraction) is an **Asankhyata** (innumerable) part of the **Pallya** (measure).
In the **Sankhyata** (countable) **Paramanu** (atom) **Dravya** classification, the **Gunakara** (multiplier) is **Sankhyata** (countable), and in the **Asankhyata** (innumerable) **Pradeshi** (regional) **Paramanu** (atom) **Dravya** classification, the **Gunakara** (multiplier) is **Asankhyata** (innumerable). In the **Ananta** (infinite) **Paramanu** (atom) **Dravya** classification and the four **Agrahana** (non-absorption) **Vargana** (categories), the **Gunakara** (multiplier) is an **Anantava** (infinite) part of the **Siddha** (liberated beings) or an **Ananta** (infinite) multiplication by the **Abhavya** (non-existent).
In the **Dhr** (non-existent) and other three **Vargana** (categories), the **Gunakara** (multiplier) is an **Ananta** (infinite) times greater than the **Jiva-rashi** (number of living beings). In the **Vargana** (category) beyond that, the **Gunakara** (multiplier) is an **Asankhyata** (innumerable) part of the **Pallya** (measure). In the **Vargana** (category) beyond that, the **Gunakara** (multiplier) is the **Jiva-rashi** (number of living beings) divided by an **Asankhyata** (innumerable) number of **Loka** (worlds).
Beyond that, the **Gunakara** (multiplier) is, in order, an **Asankhyata** (innumerable) part of the **Shreni** (series), an **Asankhyata** (innumerable) part of the **Suchi-anguli** (needle-finger), an **Asankhyata** (innumerable) part of the **Pallya** (measure), and an **Asankhyata** (innumerable) part of the **Jagat-pratar** (world-extent). Multiplying the **Jghanya** (inferior) by its respective **Gunakara** (multiplier) results in its own **Utkrushta** (superior).
**Verse 600:**
The **Paramanu** (atom) **Vargana** (category) has no distinction between **Jghanya** (inferior) and **Utkrushta** (superior). The remaining **Vargana** (categories) have a distinction between **Jghanya** (inferior) and **Utkrushta** (superior).
**Notes:**
1. **Dhavala** (commentary) **P. 14, pp. 116-117**
2. **Dhavala** (commentary) **P. 14, p. 117**