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## Verse 563-564
**Statement of the Right of Name (First Right)**
It is to be known that there are two types of substances: Jiva (living) substance and Ajiva (non-living) substance. Each of these is of two types: Rupa (form) and Arupa (formless). The Jiva residing in the world (Samsari Jiva) is Rupa. The Jiva liberated from Karma (Siddha) is Arupa. || 563 ||
Ajiva substance is Rupa in the form of Pudgala, Dharma, Adharma, Akasa, and Kala, these four are Rupa. || 564 ||
**Explanation of the Verse:**
Dravya (substance) is of two types: Jiva Dravya (living substance) and Ajiva Dravya (non-living substance). Each of these is of two types: Rupa (form) and Arupa (formless). The Jiva residing in the world (Samsari Jiva) is Rupa. The Jiva liberated from Karma (Siddha) is Arupa. || 563 ||
Ajiva Dravya (non-living substance) is Rupa in the form of Pudgala, Dharma, Adharma, Akasa, and Kala, these four are Rupa. || 564 ||
**Special Meaning:**
Murta (concrete) and Rupa (form) are synonymous. (Rupaṁ Mūrtirityarthaḥ S. Si. 5/5) Similarly, Amurta (abstract) and Arupa (formless) are synonymous. "Murta's state is Murta-tva, having form etc. || 103 ||" [Apapaddhati]
The state of Murta is having form, taste, smell, and touch. The state of Amurta is being devoid of form, taste, smell, and touch. The state of having taste, smell, and touch is the nature of Murta. The state of being devoid of taste, smell, and touch is the nature of Amurta. Although Jiva is inherently Amurta, it becomes Murta due to the entry of Pararupa (other form) (due to the bondage of Anadi Dravya Karma).
The object of Avadhijnana (clairvoyance) is Rupa (form). Due to Karma-bandha, Samsari Jiva also acquires Pudgala-bhava (form), thus becoming the direct object of Avadhijnana.
Jiva's Pradesha (regions) are Murta due to Anadi-kalin (beginningless) bondage. Therefore, there is no contradiction in their connection with the Murta body.
Jiva acquires Murta-tva (form) due to the Anadi (beginningless) connection of Karma and A-Karma. Due to Anadi-kalin Karma-bandhana (beginningless Karma bondage), Jiva lacks Amurta-tva (formlessness) in the Samsara state.
1. "Murta's state is Murta-tva, having form etc. || 103 || Amurta's state is Amurta-tva, being devoid of form etc. || 104 ||" [Apapaddhati]
2. "The state of having taste, smell, and touch is the nature of Murta. The state of being devoid of taste, smell, and touch is the nature of Amurta. Being devoid of form, taste, smell, and touch, they become Amurta." [Panchaastikaya Ga. 97 Tika]
3. "Jiva, being Amurta in nature, becomes Murta due to Pararupa (other form) [Panchaastikaya Ga. 67 Tika]
4. "Rupiṣvavaceḥ" || 23 || [T. Su. Sra. 1]
5. "Karma-sambandha does not create any separation or distinction between Jiva and Ajiva substances." [Javadhatral Pu. 1 P. 43]
6. "Due to Anadi-bandhana (beginningless bondage), there is no contradiction in the connection of Murta Jiva-avayava (parts of Jiva) with the Murta body." [Gha. 1 P. 262]
7. "Due to the beginningless connection of Karma and A-Karma, Jiva becomes Murta." [Ghaval Pu. 14 P. 45]
8. "Due to Anadi-bandhana (beginningless bondage), Jiva lacks Amurta-tva (formlessness) in the Samsara state." [Ma. 15 P. 32]