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## Gatha 412-414
**Gatha 412**
"Time is for the increase of the four (dravya, kshetra, kala, bhava). [When time increases, all four increase. When kshetra increases, time may or may not increase. And when dravya and paryaya (bhava) increase, kshetra and time may or may not increase.]"
**Explanation:** "Kalo chaduṇṇa vuḍḍhī" means time is for the increase of the four. Which four? Kala, kshetra, dravya, and bhava. When time increases, dravya, kshetra, and bhava also regularly attain increase. "Kalo bhajidabbo khettavaḍḍhī" means when kshetra increases, time may or may not attain increase. But dravya and bhava regularly attain increase, because kshetra cannot increase without the increase of dravya and bhava. "Vaḍḍhīe dadhvapjayya" means when dravya and paryaya increase, kshetra and time may or may not increase, because that is their nature. But when dravya increases, paryaya (bhava) increases regularly, because dravya cannot be found without paryaya (bhava). Similarly, when paryaya increases, dravya also increases regularly, because paryaya cannot exist without dravya. The meaning of this gatha should be planned in desavadhi jnana, not in parmavadhi jnana.
**Shankara:** How is this known?
**Solution:** This is known from the explanation contrary to the sutra that has come down from the acharya tradition. In parmavadhi jnana, dravya, kshetra, kala, and bhava increase simultaneously, this should be explained here, because this is the teaching of the acharyas who explain contrary to the sutra.
**Gatha 413**
"The measure of the inferior dravya in parmavadhi is obtained by giving a share of the dhr bahar (the state of being sparse) to the superior dravya in desavadhi. Thus said the Jina (Shrutakevali)."
**Gatha 414**
"In the tejaskaayika jiva-rashi, by multiplying the alternatives of that very avagaha, the measure obtained is the superior dravya, which is obtained by giving a share of the dhr bahar to the inferior dravya through the final division."
**Notes:**
1. Pr.Pu. 6 p. 26 and Pu. 13 p. 306, M.B.Pu. 1 p. 22.
3. Dhaval Pu. 13 p. 306-310.