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## Knowledge Path/457
There are five types of **Vinaaya** (discipline) - **Jnaana Vinaaya** (knowledge discipline), **Darshan Vinaaya** (perception discipline), **Chaaritra Vinaaya** (conduct discipline), **Tapashniya Vinaaya** (austerity discipline) and **Oupaachaarik Vinaaya** (formal discipline). To possess humility in one's virtues is **Vinaaya**. Bharat, Airawat and Videh, by taking refuge in the field, time and emotion, which are the objects of practice, have described the characteristics, differences and fruits of these five **Vinaayas** - **Jnaana Vinaaya**, **Darshan Vinaaya**, **Vaari Vinaaya**, **Tap Vinaaya**, and **Upaachaar Vinaaya** in **Vinaaya Prakirnak**.
## Verse 367-368
**Kritikaarm Prakirnak** - The action performed while paying homage to the **Jindev**, **Siddh**, **Praachaarya** and **Upaadhyaaya** is called **Kritikaarm**. **Kritikaarm Prakirnak** describes the characteristics, differences and fruits of **Kritikaarm** in the form of three **Pradakshina** (circumambulations), three **Avanati** (bowing), four **Namaskar** (prostrations) and twelve **Praavart** (revolving) performed with the soul as the object. Here is the relevant verse:
* **Dushronadam jahaajavam vaarasavattameva va. Usi tisuddha cha kiviyamman paujaae || 64 ||**
## Explanation
**Kaaya** - Just as a newborn child is free from anger and other defilements, one should perform **Kritikaarm** with two **Avanati**, twelve **Praavart**, four **Shironati** (bowing the head) and three **Shuddhi** (purifications).
**Avanati** - The act of joining both hands and touching the ground with the head is called **Avanati**. This **Avanati** is performed once at the beginning of **Panchanamaskar** and once at the beginning of **Chaturvishti**.
**Praavart** - The act of revolving with the body, mind and speech in a controlled manner, is called **Praavart**. Three **Praavart** are performed at the beginning and end of **Panchanamaskar** and three **Praavart** are performed at the beginning and end of **Chaturvishti**, making a total of twelve **Praavart**. Alternatively, one **Praavart** is performed in each direction while circumambulating, making a total of twelve **Praavart** in three rounds.
**Shironati** - The act of joining both hands and bowing the head is called **Shironati**. This action is performed once at the beginning and end of **Panchanamaskar** and **Chaturvishti**, making a total of four **Shironati**.
This **Kritikaarm** should be performed with a mind, speech and body free from defilements, like a newborn child.
## Dashakalik Prakirnak
**Dashakalik Prakirnak** - There are ten specific times (**Vaikalik**). The special characteristics of these times are called **Vaikalik**. This **Prakirnak** (collection) is called **Dashakalik** (ten times). It describes the rules of conduct and the method of begging, taking refuge in the field, time, and emotion.
## Uttaraadhyaayan Prakirnak
**Uttaraadhyaayan Prakirnak** - This **Prakirnak** contains answers to many questions. It describes four types of **Upsarg** (afflictions) - **Devakrit** (caused by gods), **Manushyakrit** (caused by humans), **Tiryanchkrut** (caused by animals), and **Achetankrut** (caused by inanimate objects) - and twenty-two **Parishha** (troubles) - **Kshudha** (hunger), **Trisha** (thirst), **Sheet** (cold), **Ushna** (heat), **Danshamashka** (insect bites), **Nagnata** (nakedness), **Shraati** (fatigue), **Stree** (women), **Charya** (walking), **Nishadyaa** (sitting), **Shayyaa** (sleeping), **Shraakrosh** (crying), **Vadh** (killing), **Yaachana** (begging), **Alaabh** (loss), **Rog** (disease), **Trinasparsh** (touching grass), **Mal** (excrement), **Satkaar Puraskar** (honour and reward), **Prajna** (wisdom), **Ajnana** (ignorance) and **Shradarshan** (wrong perception).
## References
1. "**Gunaavishu Neeti Vinaayah**." [Jayadhaval Pu. 1. 117].
2. Dhaval Pu. 1. 189.
3. Pu. 1 P. 118.
4. Dhaval Pu. 6 P. 156.
5. Moolaachaar 7/104 commentary.
6. Dhaval Pu. 1 P. 67.
7. Dhaval Pu. 6. Pa. 1608.
8. Dhavan Pu. 1 P. 160.