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450/Go. Sa. Jivakanda
Verses 361-366
A word that is capable of causing degradation is called **nikriti-vacana**. A word that, even when heard by men of great penance and knowledge, does not cause the soul to become humble is called **apranati-vacana**. A word that, when heard, leads to the act of theft is called **mosha-vacana**. A word that teaches the right path is called **samyag-darshan-vacana**. A word that teaches the wrong path is called **mithya-darshan-vacana**. All beings, from those with two senses to those with many, are speakers, as they have the **vaktra-paryaya** (the faculty of speech) manifested in them.
There are many types of births depending on the substance, field, time, and **bhaama** (a specific type of time).
A name given to a substance or being that does not possess the qualities associated with that name is called **nama-satya**. For example, calling someone "Indra" even though they do not possess the qualities of Indra is **nama-satya**.
A word that is spoken based on the form of a substance, even though the substance itself does not exist, is called **rupa-satya**. For example, calling a painted image of a man "man" even though it does not have consciousness or the ability to act is **rupa-satya**.
A word that is used to establish a connection between a substance and its function, even though the substance itself does not exist, is called **sthapana-satya**. For example, calling a die "a die" even though it is not made of the original substance is **sthapana-satya**.
A word that is spoken based on the existence of something from the beginning or from the end is called **pratiti-satya**.
Words that are spoken in the world based on **samvriti** (convention or imagination) are called **samvriti-satya**. For example, calling a lotus that grows in mud "pankaj" even though it is born from many causes is **samvriti-satya**.
Words that describe the specific arrangement of conscious or unconscious substances, according to the rules of creation, during the application of fragrant powder from incense, or during the formation of a **vyuha** (a specific arrangement) in the form of a **pam**, **makar**, **hamsa**, **sarvatobhadra**, or **krauncha**, are called **samyojana-satya**.
Words that teach **dharma**, **artha**, **kama**, and **moksha** (righteousness, wealth, desire, and liberation) in the thirty-two countries, based on the distinction between **arya** (noble) and **anarya** (ignoble), are called **janapada-satya**.
Words that teach the **dharma** (righteousness) of villages, cities, kings, **gana** (a group of people), **pakhanda** (hypocrisy), **jati** (caste), and **kula** (family) are called **desa-satya**.
Words spoken by **samyata** (a person who has controlled their senses) and **shravaka** (a follower of Jainism) that describe the qualities of a **chhadmastha** (a person who pretends to be something they are not), even though they cannot determine the true nature of the substance, are called **bhavasatya**.
Words that reveal the true nature of the six types of substances and their **paryayas** (modifications), which are accessible to the **praag-bhagamyata** (the ability to perceive the past), are called **samaya-satya**.
The soul, through its **atma-prayada** (the power of the soul), knows the sixteen **vastugata** (objects of knowledge), the three hundred and twenty **praabhuta** (fundamental principles), and the twenty-six crore **pada** (words). It describes the soul as the knower, the doer, the enjoyer, the wise, etc. It is also said:
"The soul is the doer, the speaker, the being, the enjoyer, the **pudgala** (matter), the **veda** (knowledge), the **vishnu** (the supreme being), the **svayambhu** (self-existent), the **gariri** (the body), the **manava** (human), the **sakta** (the one who is attached), the **jantu** (animal), the **bhani** (the one who shines), the **mayaavi** (the illusionist), the one with **yoga** (spiritual practice), the **sankuta** (the one who is bound), the **asankuta** (the one who is unbound), the **ksetrajna** (the knower of the field), and the **antaratma** (the inner soul)." (81-82)
1. Gh. 1, p. 118-116.