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384/Go. Sa. Jivakanda
Gatha 307-308
If something is not said to be attained, then how can there be perception, etc., of the non-emitted and non-spoken by the eye and mind? If the aforementioned non-emitted and non-spoken are considered to be perceived by the eye and mind, then wouldn't they also be subject to the concept of attainability?
Solution - No, because the attainment of objects lies in their presence in the field that is capable of being perceived by the senses. It is clear that in the state of being chewed, the smell and touch reside in their respective fields along with the senses that perceive them. It is also clear that the taste resides in its field along with the tongue. Similarly, it is clear that form resides in its field in front of the eye, because the form does not become attainable with the eye that perceives it. In this way, the perception, etc., of non-emitted and non-spoken objects is established.
Doubt - Is perception in the form of determination or non-determination? In the first case, i.e., if it is accepted as being in the form of determination, then it would be included in the category of 'avaaya' (a state of being aware), but this cannot be, because if it were so, then there would be a possibility of the influence of doubt arising behind it, and it would also contradict the opposite of determination and non-decision. If it is considered to be in the form of non-determination, then perception cannot be evidence, because if it is established, then it would be included in doubt, opposite, and non-decision?
Solution - No, because perception is of two types, based on the distinction between clear perception and unclear perception. Among them, clear perception is in the form of determination, and it is the cause of the origin of knowledge in the form of assumption, 'avaaya', and perception, due to non-regularity. Even though it is in the form of determination, it cannot be considered as 'avaaya', because the 'avaaya' of determination is after the assumption perception.
In this, unclear perception is the one that does not perceive the specific qualities of age, form, etc., but perceives the qualities of importance, etc., of all human beings, which are the cause of action, and which is the cause of the origin of assumption, etc., due to non-regularity. This unclear perception is not included in perception, because it occurs in the time of the relationship between the dissimilar and the subject.
Doubt - Unclear perception is not evidence, because it is in the form of non-decision?
Solution - This is not so, because it is accompanied by the decision of some specific qualities. The said knowledge cannot be called evidence because it is in the form of opposite knowledge, because it does not contain opposition. If it is said that it is the producer of opposite knowledge, and therefore not evidence, then this is also not correct, because there is no rule for the production of opposite knowledge from it. It is not evidence because it is the cause of doubt, because there is no rule for the occurrence of action according to the qualities of the cause, and the said cause is also a 'vyabhichari' (a quality that is not always present) because the evidence-based determination perception arises from the non-evidence-based doubt. It is not evidence because it is in the form of doubt, because there is a contradiction in the unity of the unclear perception, which is present in two subjects like a stationary object and a human being, etc., and which is of a moving nature, with the doubt that is fixed and has one object. For this reason, unclear perception should be accepted as evidence with respect to the object that is perceived, because it is suitable for action.
- - 1. Dhaval Pu. 1 p. 357. 2. Pabal Pu. 6.144-146.