Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
## Verse 283
## Kashayamargna/355
The word "sanjwalan" (inflamed) is used with each of the passions (kṣayās) to indicate that there is no simultaneous absence of their binding and arising.
**Doubt:** How are there countless lokpramanas?
**Solution:** There are countless lokpramanas due to the variations in the characteristics of the places of arising (udayasthanas). Because there are many variations in arising, such as intense, more intense, mild, less mild, etc., there are countless lokpramanas of the karmaprakritis that are conducive to the defilement of conduct (charitramohaniya).
**Doubt:** What is anger (krodha)?
**Solution:** Anger, wrath (kopa), rage (rosha), etc., are all forms of anger. It is also said:
"Koho ya kova roso ya akkhama sanjwalana kalah badhi ya.
Jhanjha bosa vivavo basa koheyadhiya hoti." ||1||
- Anger, wrath, rage, intolerance (akṣamā), inflamed, strife (kalha), increase (vṛddhi), agitation (jhanjha), hatred (dvesha), and dispute (vivāda) - these ten are synonyms for anger. Anger, wrath, and rage are easily understood because they are derived from the roots ṛdh, kup, bhir, and ruṣ. The absence of the form of forgiveness (kṣamā) is intolerance. Its other name is resentment (amarṣa). That which burns well is inflamed (sanjwalan), because:
"Anger is fire due to the burning of black bile."
The meaning of strife is known (pratiita). Due to anger, sin (pāpa), disgrace (ayaśa), strife, and enmity (vair) all increase, therefore anger is called increase, because anger is the root of all evil. The name agitation (jhanjha) is given to the intense agitation (sanvlesha) form. Because it is the cause, anger-passion (krodha-kṣayā) is also called agitation. The meaning of hatred is dislike (apriti). Its implication is internal pollution (āntarik kalushta). The name dispute (vivāda) is given to opposing speech (viruddhavāda). Competition (spardhā) and conflict (sangharsha) are its other names. Thus, these ten are synonyms for anger.
**Doubt:** What is pride (māna)?
**Solution:** "Māna, arrogance (mada), conceit (darpa), stiffness (stambha), excellence (utkarṣa), preeminence (prakarṣa), eminence (samutkarṣa), self-excellence (ātmokarṣa), contempt (paribhava), and scorn (usikta) - these ten characteristics are of pride. To consider oneself superior (big) due to caste, etc., is pride. To become intoxicated like a person who has consumed alcohol due to the same caste, etc., is arrogance. To have conceit due to the arrogance that has grown is conceit. Just as a person becomes unsteady in a state of collapse,