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## The Adi Purana
"Austerity, learning, and lineage are the three causes of Brahmanhood."1
However, gradually, qualities and actions faded away, leaving only lineage, or caste, as the cause of the Varna system. Today, a Brahmin may eat meat and fish, drink alcohol, gamble, engage in prostitution, and commit many other vices, yet he remains a Brahmin. He feels pride in having others of lower castes touch his feet. A Kshatriya may commit theft, robbery, murder, and other heinous crimes, yet if anyone dares to speak against him, he will frown. The same is true for a Vaishya. Today, a Shudra, no matter how virtuous he may be, is always considered an object of disgust. People fear his touch and flee from his shadow. Today, the Varna system, based solely on caste, has filled the hearts of humans with hatred, envy, and ego. In the name of religion, ego, envy, and hatred are fostered.
## Jainism and the Varna System
According to Jain principles, there is an eternal realm of karma, the Videha Kshetra, where the Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra varnas exist. These three varnas are also necessary for livelihood. Jainism does not consider the Brahmin varna as a means of livelihood. In the Videha Kshetra, there is no Brahmin varna. In the Bharat Kshetra, it was established by Bharat Chakravarti, but examining the entire episode reveals that Bharat Maharaj called the virtuous beings Brahmins. He bestowed the name Brahmin on the compassionate humans invited to his palace and gave them specific instructions on vows and rituals. He gave them the sacred thread as a symbol of their vows. In essence, while Buddhism completely rejects the Varna system, Jainism does not. However, it is certain that Jainism does not accept the Varna system based solely on caste, as propagated during the Smriti period.
The mention in the Adi Purana is only for the purpose of organizing livelihood. Jinaseanacharya clearly states in it:
"Humanity is one, born from the karma of caste. It is divided into four types due to differences in livelihood. Brahmins are recognized by their vows and rituals, Kshatriyas by their wielding of weapons, Vaishyas by their righteous earning of wealth, and Shudras by their service to others." - Adi Purana, Parva 38
In other words, the karma of caste, or the five-sense caste, is a sub-division of the human caste, which arises from the karma of human birth. It is only due to differences in livelihood that it becomes four types. Brahmins are recognized by their vows and rituals, Kshatriyas by their wielding of weapons, Vaishyas by their righteous earning of wealth, and Shudras by their service to others.
This same verse was modified and explained by Gunabhadracharya, the direct disciple of Jinaseanacharya, in the Uttar Purana:
"Humanity is one, born from the karma of caste. It is divided into four types due to differences in livelihood. There is no caste-based difference among humans, like cows and horses. It is perceived differently due to the perception of form."
1. "Austerity, learning, and lineage are the three causes of Brahmanhood." - Adi Purana