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## Editorial
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This corresponds to the other seal, which depicts a meditating seated figure with a three-pronged crown on its head, similar to the Shaiva Trishul and the Jain Triratna, and some animal figures around it. When we look at the nakedness, matted hair, penance on Kailasa, bull symbol, protection of life, etc., of the first Tirthankara Rishabhanatha on the one hand, and the same characteristics of the peacock Mahadeva or Pashupati on the other, it seems that the development of both these deities may have taken place from the symbols of the Indus Valley. This is also confirmed by many verses of the Rigveda. In the Rigvedic verses like 'Tridha baddho vrishabho roraviti Mahadevo martyanavivesha' (415813), 'Arhan idam dayase visvam abhvam na va ojiyo Rudra tvadasti' (2.38.10), etc., the use of Vrishabha and Mahadeva, Arhan and Rudra, and the compassionate nature of the world in addressing the same deity is noteworthy. Thus, as far as history goes back, the sources of both the Shraman and Vedic traditions are visible.
From that ancient time till the Nirvana of the last Tirthankara Mahavira in 527 BC, the descriptions of Tirthankaras, Chakravartis, Baladevas, Narayanas, and Pratinarayanas found in Jain Puranas are also closely related to the Vedic Purana tradition. Apart from Rishabha, the Tirthankaras Nami and Nemi, the Chakravartis Bharat and Sagar, the Baladevas Ram and Baldev, the Narayanas Lakshman and Krishna, and the Pratinarayanas Ravana, Kans, and Jarasandha are worth studying comparatively in both traditions. The similarities in this are indicative of the stream of Indian unity, and the differences, while being indicative of the distinct characteristics of the two sub-streams, make us aware of the richness of Indian culture. Those who, without understanding this essence or deliberately, create a sense of conflict between the two, are truly enemies of the nation.
From this perspective, the presented Mahapurana is a very important work. Although it was created in the 8th-9th century, it contains all the ancient mythological traditions. The mention of King Chetak of Vaishali, King Shrenik of Magadha (Bimbisara), etc., contemporary to the last Tirthankara Mahavira, along with his life story (Paryaya 75), is particularly useful from a historical perspective. The introduction of Chaturbhuj Kalki, who lived a thousand years after Mahavira's Nirvana, has been attempted to be identified with the Hun king Mihirakula by Ka. Ba. Pathak (Bhandarkar Commemorative Essays, Poona, 1917).
Another characteristic of Puranas is that they used to be the knowledge repositories of their time, and they contain a special inclusion of social and religious matters besides history. The presented Mahapurana is also very important from this perspective. Just as the Puranas and Dharmashastras of the Vedic tradition describe the classification of human society into varnas, their distinct special conduct, and the process of upliftment and development of life in the various religious rites from conception to death and in the ashramas like Brahmacharya, etc., the same is found in the presented Mahapurana. Some people believe that this part of the Purana is influenced by the aforementioned tradition. If this is the case, there is nothing surprising, because the Vedic and Shraman traditions have been developing side by side from the historical period, both in terms of area and time, and both traditions have had similar problems of folk life and social order.