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## The Collection of Madipuraṇa
The subject of the twelfth anga, Dṛṣṭivāda, of the Dvādaśāṅga Āgama, which was a collection of Madipuraṇa, was the character of the Tīrthaṅkara and other great men, as well as other narratives. According to the Dhavalāṭīkā of the Ṣaṭkhaṇḍāgama, twelve types of "puraṇa" were described here, including the lineages of Arhants, Cakravartins, Vidyādharas, Vāsudevas, Cāraṇas, Prajñāśramaṇas, Kauravas, Ikṣvākus, Kāśikas, and Vādis, as well as the Harivaṁśa and Nāthavaṁśa. Although this original Anuyogina composition is now unavailable, many sections of this Anuyogina are found in the collection of angas that was compiled under the leadership of Devadhigani during the Vāllhabīvachana in the fifth century. In particular, the last 30 sūtras of the 275 sūtras of the Chaturyāgama Samvāyāṅga introduce the Kulkaras, Tīrthaṅkaras, Cakravartins, and Baladevas, Vāsudevas, and Prativāsudevas, in order, along with their parents, birthplace, place of initiation, etc. Even more detailed lists of these Preṣṭhaśalākāpuruṣas are found in the fourth chapter of the "Tīloyapaṇṇatti" by Yativṛṣhabhāchārya. In addition, 11 Rudras, 1 Nārada, and 24 Kāmadevas are also described here.
Based on the lists found in the above Samvāyāṅga and Tīloyapaṇṇatti, specific narratives would have been passed down through the guru-śiṣya tradition, and later Jain puraṇas were based on them, as the author of the Paumachariyā, Vimalsūri, has clearly stated that "I am telling here in sequence all that was previously written in the Padmachariyā and passed down through the āchārya tradition" (18).
The question arises as to what is the earliest time of the narratives found in the puraṇas? The mention of palyas and oceans, Utsarpiṇī-Avasarpiṇī and Sukhamā-Dukhamā time cycles, and countable and uncountable years in the puraṇas does not reconcile with modern scientific and historical facts. This is not just the case with Jain puraṇas, the same thing is found in the Satyuga-Kaliyuga of the Vedic tradition. However, modern scholars have established a chronology of Indian literature based on language, subject matter, etc., in which the oldest is the Ṛgveda. No literary work from before that has been found. From the perspective of the Jain puraṇas, the sūkta (10.113.6) of the Ṛgveda is very important, in which the Vātarśana munis are praised. It seems that these munis were naked, also wore matted hair, lived with a dirty body from not bathing and with a silent demeanor, and were completely different from the Vedic ṛṣis in these qualities. Keśī was the chief among these munis. In another ṛca (10.110.26), Keśī and Vṛṣabha are used as adjective-noun, leaving no doubt that Keśī Vṛṣabha was the leader of the Vātarśana munis. If there is any doubt about this, it is well