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The study of the Samvasarana is being undertaken. Here, the relationship of the general from the gross to the specific from the subtle, of the blood quality from the blood essence, of the nourishing action from the nourishment, and of the water substance from the water quality is indicated. In the water vessel called Kutka, which is capable of holding the gross, round, and watery substance, the word "Ghata" is used. Therefore, the suffixes "tva" and "tal" are used with the word "Ghata" to indicate these qualities. To clarify this, a question is raised: "What is the quality called 'Rakt' that makes the pot 'Rakt'?" What is the substance that the word is inserted into, with which the भाव (भाव) suffix is used? Is it "Raktasyā bhāvo raktatvam" - the essence of blood - redness is raktatva - redness? This should be the case. In response, it is said: "It should be the case, but it can be so formally, because just as blood can be considered a substance formally, its general essence can be called raktatva. However, the element of formality has no use in the context of contemplation. The word's efficacy lies only in its means - its usefulness lies only in its being a means. The word is not a quality of space because the word is नौद्गलिक (naudgalik) - concrete, and space is अमूर्त (amurt) - abstract. The rest of the substances described in the Vaisheshika philosophy are merely explanations of its process. Therefore, they are neither instrumental in any purpose nor are they its corrupt form or obstacle. It is reasonable to assume that the action that resides in the substance through the relationship of समवाय (samavāya) is not a separate element like the quality. Now, let's discuss the general. According to the Vaisheshikas, there are two types of general: पर (para) and अपर (apara). The great power that pervades substances like dravya, etc., is called परसामान्य (parasamanya). It has been said: "The existence that is perceived in dravya, guna, and karma is that existence." Dravyatva, gunatva, and karmatva are अपर सामान्य (apara samanya). The Jains say that it is not reasonable to accept the great power as a separate substance because the existence that is perceived in that power is just like the perception of existence. Is it bound by another existence? Does it exist because of another, or does it exist on its own? If it is said that it exists because of the binding of another existence, then it will be a choice whether the perception of existence in this other existence comes from something else. This choice will continue further. Thus, the अनवस्था (anavastā) fault will arise. If you say that the perception of existence in the great power exists on its own, not from any other thing, then the perception of existence in dravya, etc., will exist on its own. Then, why should another existence be imagined, like the udder of a goat's neck, which is useless? The second point is this: you accept the perception of existence in dravya, etc., through existence, considering them to be existent, or do you consider them to be non-existent? If you consider them to be existent, then the perception of existence will be on its own. Then, what will be the need for existence for the perception of existence? If you accept the perception of existence in dravya, etc., through existence, considering them to be non-existent, then it is possible to perceive existence in the horns of a rabbit, etc., through the combination of existence. Therefore, it has been said: "Substances are themselves existent - their own existence is that which is सदात्मक (sadātmaka), what need do they have for existence? Substances that are असदात्मक (asadātmaka) - non-existent, do not have existence, and if they do, then it will also be relevant in the case of the horns of a rabbit, etc., which is अतिप्रसंग (atiprasanga) - irrelevant. The same faults that apply here in the context of the great power are also applicable in the case of dravyatva, etc., अपर सामान्य (apara samanya), because their existence is the same. We also accept things as general and specific from some perspective. The general is not different from dravya, therefore, it is also included in the acceptance of dravya. Now, the specifics are discussed. In the Vaisheshika philosophy, a substance called विशेष (visesha) is considered. The Vaisheshikas say that it is the विशेष (visesha) that is the reason for the extreme exclusion of knowledge in dravya, etc. - through it
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