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**Verse 549:**
Those beings who have gone to the hellish realms, the realms of gods, humans, and animals, and those who are currently in their own state of existence, know them as the *bhavaloka*.
**Meaning:** The *bhavaloka* refers to the realms of existence, including hell, the realms of gods, humans, and animals. It encompasses all beings who are currently experiencing these realms.
**Verse 550:**
The being who is deeply attached to passion and aversion, know that being as the *bhavaloka*, as taught by the infinite Jinas.
**Meaning:** The *bhavaloka* is characterized by intense attachment to passion and aversion. This is the teaching of the Jinas, the enlightened ones.
**Verse 551:**
Know the *paryayaloka* in summary as the fourfold: substance, qualities, realms, and states of being.
**Meaning:** The *paryayaloka* can be understood through four aspects: 1) substance (dravya), 2) qualities (guna), 3) realms (kshetra), and 4) states of being (bhavanubhava).
**Verse 552:**
Know that *udyota* is of two types: non-substantial and substantial. The substantial *udyota* is fire, moon, sun, and gems.
**Meaning:** *Udyota* refers to radiance or luminosity. It can be either non-substantial (not associated with a physical substance) or substantial (associated with a physical substance). Fire, moon, sun, and gems are examples of substantial *udyota*.