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## **Fourth Root-Verse**
**Verse 147:**
* **In the past, there were countless (asankhyeya) qualities.** **Similarly, in all subsequent times, one should know that there are countless (asankhyeya) qualities of the arising of regions.**
**Explanation:**
This fourth root-verse is presented to illustrate the nature of **bandha**, **udaya**, and **samkramana** (binding, arising, and transition) in relation to **anubhaga** (section) and **pradesa** (region), and their relative increase or decrease in their respective locations.
**The question posed is:**
* In relation to the present time, are **bandha**, **udaya**, and **samkramana** in subsequent times greater, lesser, or equal in their respective locations?
This verse explores the relationship between these concepts and subsequent times, highlighting the relative increase or decrease in their respective locations.
**Further Explanation:**
* The verse implies that **bandha**, **udaya**, and **samkramana** in subsequent times are not necessarily greater, lesser, or equal to those in the present time.
* The verse emphasizes the concept of **asankhyeya** (countless) qualities, suggesting that the nature of these concepts is complex and multifaceted.
* The verse encourages the reader to consider the dynamic nature of **bandha**, **udaya**, and **samkramana** in relation to time and space.
**Note:** The translation preserves the Jain terms **asankhyeya**, **anubhaga**, **pradesa**, **bandha**, **udaya**, and **samkramana**.