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• 564
The Phala Pahuda Sutra [7 Upayoga-Arthadhikara] states that the intensity of the four passions (kashaya) - anger (krodha), pride (mana), deceit (maya), and greed (lobha) - varies among different types of living beings.
41. The intensity of pride (mana) is highest among the celestial beings (devas).
42. The intensity of deceit (maya) is highest among the human and animal beings (manushya-tiryanchas).
43. The intensity of anger (krodha) in the hellish beings (narakas) is innumerable times greater than the highest intensity of anger among the human and animal beings.
44. The intensity of greed (lobha) among the celestial beings is higher than the highest intensity of anger among the hellish beings.
45-49. As per the teachings, the gradation and variation in the intensity of the four passions (kashaya) among the fourteen types of living beings (jiva-samasa), excluding the celestial and hellish beings, is as follows:
- The lowest intensity of violence (prana-dha) is almost equal among them.
- The intensity of anger (krodha) is highest among them.
- The intensity of deceit (maya) is higher than the intensity of anger.
- The intensity of greed (lobha) is higher than the intensity of deceit.
50-53. For the subtle, non-manifested nigodas:
- The intensity of pride (mana) is innumerable times greater than the lowest intensity of greed among the fourteen types of living beings, excluding the celestial and hellish beings.
- The intensity of anger (krodha) is higher than their highest intensity of pride.
- The intensity of deceit (maya) is higher than their highest intensity of anger.
- The intensity of greed (lobha) is higher than their highest intensity of deceit.