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Lesson 42
Present Participle
For expressing the purport of 'laughing', 'sleeping, dancing' etc. the Present Participle is used in Apabhramsa. The Present Participles are formed by adding the following suffixes to the Verbs. The Present Participle partakes of the nature of an Adjective. Therefore, their Genders (Masculine, Neuter and Feminine) Numbers (Singluar, Plural) and cases (Nominative, Accusative etc) are according to a Noun qualified by an adjective. In the Masculine Gender the inflexion of the Participle will be according to 'Deva', in the Neuter Gender, the inflexion will be according to 'Kamala' and in the Feminine Gender, the inflexion will be according to 'Kaha'. The Present Participle is a-ending (Masculine and Neuter), For changing the Participle into Feminine Gender å is added to the suffix of the Participle. By this, the Participle becomes à-ending Feminine.
(A)
Intransitive Verbs
Hasa To laugh, Nacca To dance, Jagga = To wake up.
Suffixes of
the Present
Participle
nta
Hasanta =
Laughing
Hasamāņa
Laughing
(1) Use in sentences :
maņa
Narindu
Narindo
Narinda
Narindā
Hasa
Jain Education International
=
Nacca
Naccanta =
Jagganta =
Dancing
Waking up
Naccamāņa
Jaggamana =
Dancing
Waking up
(Noun qualified by an adjective ie Present Participle (Masculine, Singular Number, Nominative Case (In all the Tenses)
Hasantu/Hasanto
Hasanta/Hasantā
Apabhramsa Grammar and Composition
Jagga
(Present Tense)
Utthai The Laughing king
gets up.
For Private & Personal Use Only
=
(Imperative)
Utthau = The Laughing king should get up.
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