Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
## Types of Settlements in Ancient India:
**1. Gram:** A village where eighteen types of taxes are levied or where the inhabitants are of low intelligence.
**2. Nagar:** A city where eighteen types of taxes are not levied.
**3. Khed:** A settlement with an earthen rampart.
**4. Karbat:** A small town where many types of taxes are levied.
**5. Madamb:** A village that is surrounded by no other village within a radius of 2.5 kos (approximately 12.5 km).
**6. Pattana:** Two types:
* **Jalpatta:** A port where goods arrive by water.
* **Sthalpatta:** A port where goods arrive by land.
**7. Akar:** A settlement established near mines of iron and other metals for the workers.
**8. Dronamukha:** A city with two entrances, where goods arrive by both water and land routes.
**9. Nigam:** A settlement where a group of merchants reside.
**10. Prashram:** A hermitage where ascetics perform austerities. The village surrounding the hermitage is also called a Prashram.
**11. Nivesh:** A place where a caravan of merchants (Sārthavāha) stops while traveling abroad for trade. Alternatively, a village where the inhabitants temporarily relocate to another place. Also, any place where travelers rest. This is also referred to as "Sannivesh" in some texts.
**12. Sambadh:** A village where farmers cultivate land and reside in mountainous or other difficult terrain. Alternatively, a village where merchants conduct business and reside in mountainous or other difficult terrain. Also, a village located near granaries for storing grains.
**13. Ghosh:** A village where a herd of cows resides.
**14. Anshika:** A settlement that occupies a half, a third, or a fourth part of a village.
**15. Putbhadan:** A place where chests containing goods from various directions are opened.