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[Eleventh Chapter] [866] O Bhagavan! How many types of speech are there? [896] Gautama! There are sixteen types of speech. They are as follows: 1. Singular, 2. Dual, 3. Plural, 4. Feminine, 5. Masculine, 6. Neuter, 7. Spiritual, 8. Introduced, 9. Introduced-by-others, 10. Introduced-and-introduced-by-others, 11. Introduced-by-others-and-introduced, 12. Past, 13. Present, 14. Future, 15. Direct, and 16. Indirect. [867] O Bhagavan! Is this speech, which is spoken in these sixteen ways, from singular to indirect, a Prajnapani (knowledge-giving) speech? Or is it a false speech? [897] Yes, Gautama! This speech, which is spoken in these sixteen ways, from singular to indirect, is a Prajnapani (knowledge-giving) speech. It is not a false speech. [868] O Bhagavan! How many types of speech are there? [898] Gautama! There are four types of speech. They are as follows: (1) One type of speech is true, (2) another type of speech is false, (3) a third type of speech is true-false, and (4) a fourth type of speech is false-false. [866] O Bhagavan! When a being speaks these four types of speech, is he an Aradhak (worshipper) or a Viradhak (opposer)? [866] Gautama! When a being speaks these four types of speech in a useful way (payukt), he is an Aradhak (worshipper), not a Viradhak (opposer). But (that is, different from the one who speaks in a useful way) the one who is unrestrained, unstopped, does not oppose or reject evil deeds, and speaks true speech, as well as the one who speaks false speech, true-false speech, and false-false speech, is not an Aradhak (worshipper), but a Viradhak (opposer).