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The **Prajñāpanā Sūtra** states that the categorization of **dravya** (matter) from **sthita** (permanent) and **asthita** (impermanent) to **alpabahutva** (few and many) should be applied to all living beings, from **nairāyika** (hell beings) to **vaimānika** (celestial beings), excluding **ekendriya** (one-sensed beings).
There are two types of speakers based on the emission of different **bhāṣādravyas** (speech matter): **tīvra-prayatna** (intense effort) and **manda-prayatna** (weak effort). A speaker with **manda-prayatna**, due to illness, old age, or disrespect, emits **bhāṣādravyas** that are **abhinna-sthūlakhaṇḍarūpa** (undivided and gross) and **avyakta** (unmanifest). A speaker with **tīvra-prayatna**, due to health, strength, and respect, emits **bhāṣādravyas** that are **khaṇḍa-khaṇḍa** (piece by piece) and **sphuṭa** (clear).
**Bhāṣādravyas** emitted by a speaker with **tīvra-prayatna**, due to their fragmented and subtle nature, acquire **ananta-guṇa-vṛddhi** (infinite merit) by permeating other **dravya** and reach the end of the **loka** (universe), pervading the entire **loka**. **Bhāṣādravyas** emitted by a speaker with **manda-prayatna** do not reach the end of the **loka**. They travel to **asankhyāta avagāhana vargaṇā** (innumerable regions of descent), where they become **bheda** (separated), and then, after traveling **saṅkhyāta yojana** (countable yojanas), they are **vidhvasta** (destroyed).
The **dravya** that are grasped as **ekatva** (oneness) and **pṛthaktva** (separateness) in the form of **daṇḍaka-asatyāmaṣābhāṣā** (ten categories of false speech) are **sthita** (permanent) and not **asthita** (impermanent). In this context, there are ten **daṇḍaka** including **vikaleṇdriya** (disabled-sensed beings), which are: **nārika** (hell beings), **bhavanapati** (guardian deities), **dvīndriya** (two-sensed beings), **trīndriya** (three-sensed beings), **caturindriya** (four-sensed beings), **tiryancha-pañcendriya** (animals with five senses), **manushya** (humans), **vāṇavyantara** (intermediate celestial beings), **jyotiṣka** (luminous celestial beings), and **vaimānika** (celestial beings).
Alternatively, the ten **daṇḍaka** or **pālapka** (protectors) are: one **daṇḍaka** for the reception of **bhāṣādravyas** by a single **jīva** (living being), and four **daṇḍaka** for the reception of four different **bhāṣādravyas**. Thus, there are five **daṇḍaka** in the singular and five in the plural, making a total of ten **daṇḍaka**.
The **daṇḍaka** for **ekatva** and **pṛthaktva** are: four **daṇḍaka** in the singular and four in the plural for the reception and emission of **dravya** of four **bhāṣā** (languages), excluding **ekendriya**, from **nairāyika** to **vaimānika**. This makes a total of eight **daṇḍaka**.
The categorization of **prārādhaka** (affirmative), **virādhaka** (negative), and **alpabahutva** (few and many) for sixteen **vacana** (grammatical voices) and four **bhāṣājāta** (language types) is as follows:
**16 Vacanas:**
1. **Egavacana** (singular)
2. **Duvacana** (dual)
3. **Bahuvacana** (plural)
4. **Ithikyana** (locative)
5. **Pumkyana** (masculine)
6. **Gapusagavacana** (neuter)
7. **Ajzhatthavacana** (instrumental)
8. **Uvaniya-vacana** (dative)
9. **Pravaniya-vacana** (accusative)
10. **Uvaniya-uvaniya-vacana** (dative-dative)
11. **Pravaniya-uvaniya-vacana** (accusative-dative)
12. **Tolavacana** (vocative)
13. **Paduppanna-vacana** (ablative)
14. **Pranagavacana** (genitive)
15. **Pacchakkhavacana** (nominative)
16. **Parokkha-vacana** (indirect)