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[Eleventh Discourse] The Four Types of Speech and Their Manifestation in All Living Beings 870. How many, O Lord, are the types of speech? Gautama! There are four types of speech. They are: (1) Satya (Truthful) speech, (2) Mṛṣā (False) speech, (3) Satya-mṛṣā (Truthful-false) speech, and (4) Pra-satya-mṛṣā (Untruthful-false) speech. / [870 Pr.] O Lord! How many types of speech (forms of language) are there? [870 U.] Gautama! There are four types of speech. / They are: (1) Satya (Truthful) speech, (2) Mṛṣā (False) speech, (3) Satya-mṛṣā (Truthful-false) speech, and (4) Pra-satya-mṛṣā (Untruthful-false) speech. 871. O Lord! Do living beings speak Satya (Truthful) speech, Mṛṣā (False) speech, Satya-mṛṣā (Truthful-false) speech, or Pra-satya-mṛṣā (Untruthful-false) speech? Gautama! Living beings speak Satya (Truthful) speech, Mṛṣā (False) speech, Satya-mṛṣā (Truthful-false) speech, and Pra-satya-mṛṣā (Untruthful-false) speech. / [871 Pr.] O Lord! Do living beings speak Satya (Truthful) speech, Mṛṣā (False) speech, Satya-mṛṣā (Truthful-false) speech, or Pra-satya-mṛṣā (Untruthful-false) speech? / [871 U.] Gautama! Living beings speak Satya (Truthful) speech, Mṛṣā (False) speech, Satya-mṛṣā (Truthful-false) speech, and Pra-satya-mṛṣā (Untruthful-false) speech. / 872. O Lord! Do the inhabitants of hell speak Satya (Truthful) speech, Mṛṣā (False) speech, Satya-mṛṣā (Truthful-false) speech, or Pra-satya-mṛṣā (Untruthful-false) speech? Gautama! The inhabitants of hell speak Satya (Truthful) speech, Mṛṣā (False) speech, Satya-mṛṣā (Truthful-false) speech, and Pra-satya-mṛṣā (Untruthful-false) speech. / [872 Pr.] O Lord! Do the inhabitants of hell speak Satya (Truthful) speech, Mṛṣā (False) speech, Satya-mṛṣā (Truthful-false) speech, or Pra-satya-mṛṣā (Untruthful-false) speech? [872 U.] Gautama! The inhabitants of hell speak Satya (Truthful) speech, Mṛṣā (False) speech, Satya-mṛṣā (Truthful-false) speech, and Pra-satya-mṛṣā (Untruthful-false) speech. / 873. And so it is with the Asura-kumāras (sons of the Asuras) up to the Thani-kumāras (mammals). [873] (You should understand the same about the language of the Asura-kumāras (sons of the Asuras) up to the Thani-kumāras (mammals).) 874. The Dwīndriya (two-sensed), Trīndriya (three-sensed), and Caturindriya (four-sensed) beings do not speak Satya (Truthful) speech, nor Mṛṣā (False) speech, nor Satya-mṛṣā (Truthful-false) speech, but they speak Pra-satya-mṛṣā (Untruthful-false) speech. / [874] The Dwīndriya (two-sensed), Trīndriya (three-sensed), and Caturindriya (four-sensed) beings do not speak Satya (Truthful) speech, nor Mṛṣā (False) speech, nor Satya-mṛṣā (Truthful-false) speech, but they speak Pra-satya-mṛṣā (Untruthful-false) speech. /